Drug Trafficking Laws in Minnesota

Minnesota grades drug sales and possession by degree, based on drug and amount. First-degree controlled substance crime (for example, selling 17 grams or more of cocaine or methamphetamine, or 10 grams or more of heroin or fentanyl, within 90 days) carries up to 30 years and/or $1,000,000, with a mandatory 4 to 40 years for a subsequent drug conviction and at least 65 months for 100 grams or more. Second degree (for example, selling 3 grams or more of heroin or fentanyl, or any Schedule I or II narcotic to a minor or in a school or park zone) carries up to 25 years and/or $500,000, with 3 to 40 years for a subsequent conviction. Third degree (including selling any amount of a narcotic drug) carries up to 20 years and/or $250,000.

Minnesota's rule on court-appointed lawyers: A person asks the court to appoint counsel; the court decides financial eligibility. A defendant is financially unable to obtain counsel if the defendant (or a dependent in the same household) receives means-tested assistance, or if the court finds the defendant's liquid assets and current income are insufficient to pay the reasonable costs of private counsel in that judicial district. The applicant must submit a financial statement under oath on forms supplied by the state public defender; refusing to do so waives the right to a public defender. Upon disposition of the case, a person who received public defender services shall pay the court a $75 co-payment, which the court may reduce or waive; it is a civil obligation. Minn. Stat. § 611.17

Lawyers set their own fees, and Minnesota has rules on how they may charge. See hiring a criminal defense lawyer in Minnesota for fee rules, how to check a lawyer's license and free help.

How release before trial works in Minnesota: The Minnesota Constitution provides that all persons before conviction 'shall be bailable by sufficient sureties,' except for capital offenses when the proof is evident or the presumption great (art. I, § 7). Under the Rules of Criminal Procedure, the court must release a defendant on personal recognizance or an unsecured appearance bond unless release would endanger public safety or not reasonably assure appearance; and the court must set money bail without other conditions on which the defendant may be released by posting cash or sureties (Rule 6.02, subd. 1). Factors include the nature of the offense, weight of the evidence, family ties, employment, financial resources, convictions, prior court appearances, and safety of the victim and community (subd. 2). The court must review conditions of release on request of any party (subd. 4). For warrantless misdemeanor arrests, officers generally must issue a citation and release the person (Rule 6.01). Minn. Const. art. I, § 7; Minn. R. Crim. P. 6.01, 6.02 What happens after an arrest.

Each state sets its own rules for sealing or expunging records. See Minnesota expungement and record sealing rules.