Assault Laws in New York

New York's basic assault crime is assault in the third degree: intentionally causing physical injury to someone, recklessly causing physical injury, or causing physical injury with criminal negligence by means of a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument. It is a class A misdemeanor (up to 364 days in jail and a $1,000 fine). Assault in the second degree, a class D felony (up to 7 years), covers causing serious physical injury intentionally, injuring someone with a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, and injuring certain protected victims such as police or peace officers, transit workers, school employees on school grounds, and people 65 or older (when the attacker is more than ten years younger). Assault in the first degree, a class B felony (up to 25 years), includes intentionally causing serious physical injury with a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, intentionally causing serious and permanent disfigurement or disability, and causing serious physical injury with depraved indifference to human life. Menacing (threats without injury) is charged under separate sections.

New York's rule on court-appointed lawyers: Each county (and New York City) must operate a plan for providing counsel to persons charged with a crime who are financially unable to obtain counsel, through a public defender, a legal aid bureau or society, a bar association assigned-counsel plan or conflict defender, or a combination (County Law § 722). Judges decide eligibility; providers often screen applicants and make recommendations. Under the statewide eligibility standards of the Office of Indigent Legal Services (issued under Executive Law § 832), income at or below 250% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines is one of four presumptions of eligibility, an applicant who is incarcerated, detained or confined to a mental health institution is presumptively eligible, and applicants above the income line are not automatically denied. ILS publishes an Assigned Counsel Eligibility Application Form. N.Y. County Law § 722; Executive Law § 832; ILS Eligibility Standards

How release before trial works in New York: The court issues a securing order after making an individualized determination about the risk that the principal will not return to court, and must explain its choice on the record or in writing. The court shall release the principal pending trial on the principal's own recognizance, unless it finds that release will not reasonably assure the principal's return to court; the court must consider the kind and degree of control or restriction necessary to reasonably assure the principal's return to court. Monetary bail or remand is available only for a 'qualifying offense' listed in § 510.10(4) (for example, any crime alleged to have caused the death of another person); for a qualifying offense the court may release on recognizance or non-monetary conditions, fix bail, or (for a felony) commit the principal to the sheriff. When monetary bail is authorized, the court must consider the principal's individual financial circumstances. If the principal is financially unable to obtain counsel, counsel shall be assigned. N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law § 510.10 What happens after an arrest.

Each state sets its own rules for sealing or expunging records. See New York expungement and record sealing rules.