Alabama Criminal Laws: Felony and Misdemeanor Classes, Theft, Self-Defense and Bail

Alabama grades felonies as Class A, B, C and D. Class A: not less than ten (10) years and not more than life or ninety-nine (99) years in the state penitentiary, and may include a fine not to exceed $60,000. Class B: not less than two (2) years and not more than twenty (20) years, and may include a fine not to exceed $30,000. Class C: not less than one (1) year and one (1) day and not more than ten (10) years, and may include a fine not to exceed $15,000. Class D: not more than 5 years or less than 1 year and 1 day, and may include a fine not to exceed $7,500. Enhancements: a Class A felony in which a firearm or deadly weapon was used or attempted to be used carries not less than 20 years, and a Class B or C felony with a firearm or deadly weapon not less than 10 years; a Class A felony criminal sex offense involving a child under 12 or child pornography carries not less than 20 years, and a Class B felony sex offense not less than 10 years. For Class C and D felonies with a sentence of not more than 15 years, Section 15-18-8(b) generally requires a split sentence with confinement for a period not exceeding two years followed by probation not exceeding three years.

Class A misdemeanor: up to one (1) year imprisonment in the county jail, or a fine up to $6,000, or both. Class B misdemeanor: up to six (6) months in the county jail, or a fine up to $3,000, or both. Class C misdemeanor: up to three (3) months in the county jail, or a fine not to exceed $500, or both. The code also defines 'violations' as a lower category; the court rules' bail schedule lists a separate range for a violation.

Theft of property becomes a felony when the value exceeds $500. Tiers: third degree (Class D felony), value that exceeds $500 but does not exceed $1,499; second degree (Class C felony), value between $1,500 and $2,500; first degree (Class B felony), value that exceeds $2,500.

Stand your ground. "A person who is justified under subsection (a) in using physical force, including deadly physical force, and who is not engaged in an unlawful activity and is in any place where he or she has the right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground." A person who does not meet these conditions (for example, one engaged in unlawful activity related to the situation) keeps the common-law duty to retreat if retreat is possible with complete safety.

A person is legally presumed to be justified in using deadly physical force if he or she reasonably believes another person is in the process of unlawfully and forcefully entering, or has unlawfully and forcefully entered, a dwelling, residence, business property, or occupied vehicle, or is attempting to remove, or has forcefully removed, a person against his or her will from any of those places, and knows or has reason to believe an unlawful and forcible entry or act is occurring. Deadly force is also justified against someone using or about to use physical force against an occupant of a dwelling while committing or attempting burglary, and against someone using force against an owner, employee or other authorized person on business property closed to the public while committing certain violent crimes. The presumption does not apply if the person against whom force is used has the right to be in or lawfully lives in the dwelling, residence or vehicle (such as an owner or lessee) and there is no domestic violence protection injunction or written no-contact pretrial order against that person; if the person being removed is a child or grandchild or otherwise in the lawful custody of the person against whom force is used; if the person using force is engaged in unlawful activity or using the place to further unlawful activity; or if the person against whom force is used is a law enforcement officer acting in the performance of official duties.

Except as otherwise provided by law, felonies must be charged within five years after the offense. Misdemeanors before a circuit or district court must be charged within 12 months. There is no time limit for any capital offense; any felony involving the use, attempted use or threat of violence to a person; any felony involving serious physical injury or death; any sex offense under Section 15-20A-5 involving a victim under 16; and any felony involving arson, forgery, counterfeiting or drug trafficking.

Under the Alabama Constitution, all persons shall, before conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses when the proof is evident or the presumption great. A defendant charged with capital murder is not eligible for bail if the court is of the opinion, on the evidence, that he or she is guilty. A defendant charged with an offense listed in § 15-13-3(b)(1) may be denied bail, but only after the court holds a pretrial detention hearing and considers the factors in § 15-13-3(b)(5). Others may be released on personal recognizance or an appearance bond unless the court or magistrate finds release will not reasonably assure appearance or that the defendant poses a real and present danger; the court then imposes the least onerous conditions needed, considering factors such as ties to the community, record, the nature of the offense, weapons, threats and employment. The court rules set a recommended bail schedule that courts may go above or below, e.g. Class A felony $10,000 to $60,000; Class B felony $5,000 to $30,000; Class C felony $2,500 to $15,000; Class D felony $1,000 to $10,000; Class A misdemeanor $300 to $6,000; Class B misdemeanor $300 to $3,000; Class C misdemeanor $300 to $1,000; violation $300 to $500; murder $15,000 to no bail allowed; capital murder $50,000 to no bail allowed. Ala. Code § 15-13-105 sets $300 as the minimum bail in violation and misdemeanor cases.

'Indigent' means a person who is financially unable to pay for his or her defense. A defendant who wants appointed counsel must complete, under oath, an affidavit of substantial hardship about his or her financial resources (court Form C-10) and may be examined under oath by the court. The court considers income, family income, property, obligations and dependents, but should not consider that the defendant was released on bond. Either side may ask the court to reconsider indigency if circumstances change.

16. A person commits rape in the second degree if he or she, being 16 years old or older, engages in sexual intercourse with another person 12 years old or older, but less than 16 years old; provided, however, the actor is at least two years older than the other person. Consent is no defense to this offense.

Alabama has a medical cannabis program run by the Alabama Medical Cannabis Commission; the first medical cannabis dispensary opened on June 4, 2026. Patients must be Alabama residents, at least 19 (or have a parent or guardian as registered caregiver), have a qualifying condition, receive a recommendation from a certified Alabama physician and be on the patient registry. Allowed forms include tablets, capsules, tinctures, lozenges, gelatinous cubes, topical gels/oils/creams, suppositories, transdermal patches, nebulizers and inhaler liquids; raw plant material, products that could be smoked or vaped, and food products such as cookies or candies are prohibited. The Sentencing Commission lists Possession of Marihuana 1st (§ 13A-12-213) as a felony offense.

Simple assault (assault in the third degree) covers intentionally or recklessly causing physical injury to another person, or causing injury with a deadly weapon through criminal negligence; it is a Class A misdemeanor (up to one year in the county jail and a fine of not more than $6,000). Assault becomes a felony when it involves serious physical injury or a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, or physical injury to protected workers such as police officers, firefighters, teachers, health care workers and letter carriers: assault in the second degree is a Class C felony (not more than 10 years or less than one year and one day; fine up to $15,000). Aggravated assault (assault in the first degree) covers intentionally causing serious physical injury with a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, permanent disfigurement, extreme-indifference conduct, serious injury during certain felonies, or serious injury caused while driving under the influence; it is a Class B felony (not more than 20 years or less than two years; fine up to $30,000).

Alabama charges what many people call battery under its assault and harassment laws rather than under a crime named 'battery.' Causing physical injury is assault (assault in the third degree is a Class A misdemeanor). Striking, shoving, kicking or otherwise touching a person with intent to harass, annoy or alarm is the crime of harassment, a Class C misdemeanor (not more than three months in jail and a fine of not more than $500). When the victim is a family or household member or dating partner, the same conduct is charged as domestic violence.

Alabama has separate domestic violence crimes that apply when the victim is a current or former spouse, parent, step-parent, child, step-child, grandparent, grandchild, a person the defendant has a child with, a present household member, or a current or former dating partner. Domestic violence in the third degree (based on assault in the third degree, menacing, harassment, harassing communications, criminal trespass III, criminal mischief II or III and similar offenses) is a Class A misdemeanor; a second conviction carries a minimum 10 days in jail, and a third or subsequent conviction is a Class C felony. Domestic violence in the second degree (based on assault in the second degree, stalking, burglary II or III, and similar offenses) is a Class B felony, and domestic violence in the first degree (based on assault in the first degree, aggravated stalking or burglary I) is a Class A felony (life or not more than 99 years or less than 10 years). Domestic violence by strangulation or suffocation is a Class B felony. Minimum jail terms are doubled for the felony degrees when the offender violates a protection order or the offense is committed in the presence of a child under 14.

Shoplifting and other petty theft are charged as theft of property. Theft of property that does not exceed $500 in value and is not taken from the person of another is theft of property in the fourth degree, a Class A misdemeanor (up to one year in the county jail and a fine of not more than $6,000). Separately, a merchant may sue an adult or emancipated minor who steals or tries to steal goods for sale for the full retail value of merchandise not recovered in merchantable condition, $200 in recovery expenses, and reasonable attorney's fees and court costs not to exceed $1000; parents of an unemancipated minor under 19 can be liable, up to $750 per offense and up to three offenses a calendar year.

Burglary is knowingly entering or remaining unlawfully in a building or dwelling with intent to commit a crime there. Burglary in the third degree (a dwelling or building) is a Class C felony (not more than 10 years or less than one year and one day); burglary in the second degree (armed, causing injury, or unlawfully entering a lawfully occupied dwelling-house to commit theft or a felony) is a Class B felony (not more than 20 years or less than two years); burglary in the first degree (a dwelling, while armed with explosives or a deadly weapon, or causing injury) is a Class A felony (life or not more than 99 years or less than 10 years). Robbery is using force, or threatening the imminent use of force, against the owner or anyone present while committing a theft. Robbery in the third degree is a Class C felony; robbery in the second degree (aided by another person actually present) is a Class B felony; robbery in the first degree (armed with a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, or causing serious physical injury) is a Class A felony. A Class A felony in which a firearm or deadly weapon was used carries not less than 20 years, and a Class B or C felony with a firearm or deadly weapon not less than 10 years.

Vandalism is called criminal mischief in Alabama: intentionally damaging property with no right to do so. Damage not exceeding $500 is criminal mischief in the third degree, a Class B misdemeanor (not more than six months in jail and a fine of not more than $3,000). Damage exceeding $500 but not exceeding $2,500 is criminal mischief in the second degree, a Class A misdemeanor, with mandatory minimum jail time for repeat convictions involving damage to a church or other religious building. Damage exceeding $2,500, or any damage by means of an explosion, is criminal mischief in the first degree, a Class C felony (not more than 10 years or less than one year and one day).

Criminal trespass is knowingly entering or remaining unlawfully on property. Entering or remaining unlawfully in or upon premises is criminal trespass in the third degree, a violation (not more than 30 days in jail and a fine not to exceed $200). Doing so in a building or on real property fenced or enclosed to keep out intruders is criminal trespass in the second degree, a Class C misdemeanor (not more than three months; fine up to $500). Doing so in a dwelling (or on the premises of a licensed medical cannabis cultivator or processor) is criminal trespass in the first degree, a Class A misdemeanor (not more than one year; fine up to $6,000).

Possessing any controlled substance in Schedules I through V without authorization (for example, cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine or pills without a prescription) is unlawful possession of a controlled substance, a Class D felony (not more than five years or less than one year and one day; fine up to $7,500). Using or possessing drug paraphernalia, such as pipes, bongs or syringes, to use or store drugs is a Class A misdemeanor. Alabama law lets district attorneys run pretrial diversion programs and lets courts run accountability (drug) court programs; offenders with pending violent charges, sex-offender registration, or distribution or trafficking charges are not eligible for accountability court.

A driver involved in a crash that injures or kills someone, or damages a vehicle driven or attended by a person, must stop at or near the scene, give name, address and registration number, show a driver license on request, and render reasonable assistance to anyone injured. Leaving the scene is a Class A misdemeanor when only property is damaged, a Class C felony when someone suffers physical injury, and a Class B felony when someone suffers serious physical injury or dies. The Director shall revoke the driver license of a person convicted of leaving the scene.

Reckless driving is driving carelessly and heedlessly in willful or wanton disregard for the rights or safety of persons or property, or without due caution and at a speed or in a manner that endangers or is likely to endanger any person or property. A first conviction is punished by imprisonment for not less than five days nor more than 90 days, or a fine of not less than $25.00 nor more than $500.00, or both. A second or subsequent conviction carries not less than 10 days nor more than six months, or a fine of not less than $50.00 nor more than $500.00, or both, and the court may prohibit the person from driving for a period not exceeding six months.

Harassment (physically touching someone, using abusive or obscene language or gestures, or making a threat meant to make a reasonable person fear for safety, with intent to harass, annoy or alarm) and harassing communications (by phone, mail, or any written or electronic communication) are each a Class C misdemeanor. Stalking in the second degree (repeatedly following, harassing or contacting someone, including electronically, after being told to stop, causing material harm to mental or emotional health or fear for one's job) is a Class B misdemeanor, and a second or subsequent violation is a Class C felony. Stalking in the first degree (repeatedly following or harassing someone and making a threat intended to place them in reasonable fear of death or serious bodily harm) is a Class C felony; stalking that also violates a court order or injunction is aggravated stalking, a Class B felony (first degree) or Class C felony (second degree).

Resisting arrest (intentionally preventing or trying to prevent an officer from making a lawful arrest) is a Class B misdemeanor (not more than six months in jail; fine up to $3,000). Fleeing on foot or by any means from an officer you know is trying to arrest you is a Class A misdemeanor, while fleeing or trying to elude police in a motor vehicle after a signal to stop is a Class D felony. Either becomes a Class C felony if the flight causes a crash or physical injury, crosses the state line, has a child under 14 in the vehicle, happens while on bail, probation or parole, or the person has a prior conviction, and a Class B felony if it causes serious physical injury or death, involves going more than 20 miles per hour over the speed limit, or targets an officer, or the person has two or more priors. Conviction also requires a driver license suspension of not less than six months nor more than two years.

Skipping a court date after being released (with or without bail) is called bail jumping in Alabama. If the pending charge is murder or a Class A or B felony, it is bail jumping in the first degree, a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years). If the pending charge is a misdemeanor or a Class C felony, it is bail jumping in the second degree, a Class A misdemeanor (up to one year in jail); this second-degree offense does not apply to people released on traffic misdemeanors under Title 32. It is a defense that the failure to appear was unintentional or unavoidable and due to circumstances beyond the person's control. Separately, when a released defendant breaches release conditions, the court, on the prosecutor's motion, shall issue an arrest warrant and may modify or revoke release.

The sentencing court decides probation violations. The prosecutor or probation officer may petition to revoke (or the court may act on its own), and the court may issue an arrest warrant; a probationer held in jail must get a violation hearing within 20 business days unless new charges are pending. At the hearing the probationer may have counsel and present and cross-examine witnesses, and the judge must be 'reasonably satisfied from the evidence' that a violation occurred; hearsay may be received. The court may revoke, modify or continue probation, and may extend it. Under § 15-22-54(e), full revocation is required for certain serious underlying offenses and allowed for absconding, a new offense, firearm possession or failing a court-ordered program; for other violations the court generally imposes a confinement period of no more than 45 consecutive days and may not revoke until the person has had three such periods.

Obstructing governmental operations (using intimidation, force, interference or another unlawful act to obstruct the administration of law or stop a public servant from doing a government job) is a Class A misdemeanor (up to one year); it does not cover obstructing an arrest. Tampering with a witness (trying to get a witness to testify falsely, withhold testimony or skip a proceeding) is a Class B misdemeanor (up to six months). Intimidating a witness by threats is a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years). Tampering with physical evidence is a Class A misdemeanor, and jury tampering is a Class B misdemeanor.

Lying under oath is perjury in Alabama, in three degrees. Perjury in the first degree (swearing falsely in an official proceeding about something material) is a Class C felony, punishable by 1 year and 1 day to 10 years and a fine up to $15,000. Perjury in the second degree (swearing falsely to mislead a public servant about a material matter, or knowingly presenting a fake lease or deed to stay on someone's property) is a Class A misdemeanor (up to one year, fine up to $6,000). Any false swearing is perjury in the third degree, a Class B misdemeanor (up to six months, fine up to $3,000).

Public intoxication is still an offense in Alabama, but it is graded as a 'violation', not a misdemeanor. It covers appearing in a public place under the influence of alcohol, narcotics or another drug to the point of endangering yourself, others or property, or annoying people nearby with boisterous and offensive conduct. A violation is punishable by up to 30 days in county jail and a fine up to $200.

Disorderly conduct means, with intent to cause (or recklessly risking) public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm: fighting or violent, tumultuous or threatening behavior; unreasonable noise; abusive or obscene language or gestures in public; disturbing a lawful meeting; blocking traffic; or refusing a lawful police order to disperse. It is a Class C misdemeanor, punishable by up to three months in jail and a fine up to $500. Merely carrying a holstered or secured pistol in public without brandishing it is not disorderly conduct.

Indecent exposure is exposing one's genitals, to arouse or gratify sexual desire, in circumstances the person knows are likely to cause affront or alarm. It is a Class A misdemeanor (up to one year in jail, fine up to $6,000). It becomes a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years) if any victim is under 12 or the person has two or more prior convictions under the sex-offense article. Indecent exposure is on Alabama's sex-offense list: on a first sex-offense conviction the person is subject only to registration and verification, and on a later conviction arising from different facts must comply with all sex-offender requirements.

Alabama makes it illegal to commit prostitution (a sexual act or contact for money or anything of value), to solicit or pay someone for sex, to agree to and pay for sex, or to promote prostitution (procuring patrons, providing premises, sharing in proceeds, running a house of prostitution). Each violation is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by up to one year in jail and a fine up to $6,000. Prostitution-related offenses involving a minor are a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). No form of prostitution is legal in Alabama.

Alabama's criminal code makes betting on a contest of chance or future event unlawful unless an exception applies. Simple gambling (taking part as a player) is a Class C misdemeanor (up to three months), but it is a defense that the player was in a social game in a private place. Promoting gambling (profiting from gambling other than as a player, such as bookmaking or running games) and conspiracy to promote gambling are Class A misdemeanors (up to one year).

Alabama has no separate general embezzlement crime; an employee or trustee who takes money or property is charged with theft of property, which covers knowingly obtaining or exerting unauthorized control over another's property, or obtaining it by deception, with intent to deprive the owner. The grade depends on value: up to $500 is fourth degree, a Class A misdemeanor; over $500 up to $1,499 is third degree, a Class D felony; $1,500 to $2,500 is second degree, a Class C felony; over $2,500 is first degree, a Class B felony. For theft by deception, the five-year limitation period starts only when the deception is discovered.

Identity theft (using someone's identifying information without permission, with intent to defraud, to access their finances, get goods, services, ID documents or a job) is always a felony in Alabama: a Class B felony, punishable by 2 to 20 years. Trafficking in stolen identities is also a Class B felony; possessing ID documents of one person five times, or identifying information of five or more people, creates an inference of intent to traffic. Prosecution must begin within seven years. Illegal possession or fraudulent use of a credit or debit card (stolen, cancelled or unauthorized) is a Class D felony (1 year and 1 day to 5 years), and theft of a credit or debit card is third-degree theft, a Class D felony.

Forgery means falsely making, completing or altering a written document with intent to defraud. Grades depend on the document: government stamps or securities and corporate stock or bonds are first degree, a Class B felony; deeds, wills, contracts and public records are second degree, a Class C felony; checks, drafts, notes and other commercial instruments are third degree, a Class D felony; any other writing is fourth degree, a Class A misdemeanor. Knowingly possessing or passing ('uttering') a forged document with intent to defraud is a separate crime; for example, for a forged deed, will, contract or public record it is a Class C felony, and for an ordinary forged writing a Class A misdemeanor. Writing a bad check (negotiating a worthless negotiable instrument, expecting it will not be honored) is a Class A misdemeanor.

Blackmail is called extortion in Alabama: knowingly getting control over someone's property by a threat, intending to deprive them of it. Extortion in the first degree (a threat to cause physical harm to a person, or to subject a person to physical confinement or restraint) is a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). Extortion by the other listed threats (for example, to damage property, commit another crime, accuse someone of a crime, expose a secret or reveal information the victim wants hidden) is second degree, a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years). Criminal coercion (threatening injury, confinement, or harm to property or reputation to force someone to do or not do something) is a Class A misdemeanor.

Alabama does not split murder into first and second degree. Murder covers an intentional killing, a killing through reckless conduct showing extreme indifference to human life, and a death caused during certain dangerous felonies such as first-degree arson, burglary, kidnapping, rape or robbery (felony murder). Plain murder is a Class A felony: 10 years to life or 99 years (at least 20 years if a firearm or deadly weapon was used), fine up to $60,000. 'Capital murder' — murder with a listed aggravating circumstance, such as killing a police officer, murder for hire, or murder during a kidnapping or robbery — is punished by death or life without parole for an adult; a capital defendant under 18 gets life without parole or life (with at least 30 years served before parole). A killing in a sudden heat of passion after legal provocation is manslaughter, not murder.

Manslaughter — recklessly causing a death, killing in a sudden heat of passion after legal provocation, causing a death by drunk or drugged driving (or boating), or selling fentanyl that causes the buyer's death — is a Class B felony: 2 to 20 years in prison, fine up to $30,000 (at least 10 years if a firearm or deadly weapon was used). Alabama has no separate vehicular homicide crime; the old 'homicide by vehicle' section was repealed in 2014, and an impaired-driving death is charged as manslaughter. Criminally negligent homicide — causing a death by criminal negligence — is a Class A misdemeanor: up to 1 year in jail and a $6,000 fine.

Endangering the welfare of a child — sending a child under 16 into dangerous work, or a parent or guardian failing to use reasonable care to keep a child under 18 from becoming dependent or delinquent — is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year and a $6,000 fine). Contributing to the delinquency, dependency or need of supervision of a child (including causing a child to skip required school) is also a Class A misdemeanor. It becomes a felony as child abuse: a responsible person who tortures, willfully abuses, cruelly beats or otherwise willfully maltreats a child under 18 commits a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years). Aggravated child abuse (repeated abuse, abuse violating a court order, or causing serious physical injury) is a Class B felony, and a Class A felony when the child is under 6.

First-degree arson — intentionally damaging a building by fire or explosion while someone is inside and the person knows it or it is reasonably possible, or setting a fire tied to a theft causing $25,000 or more in damage — is a Class A felony with a mandatory term of at least 20 years, served consecutively to other sentences from the same facts. Second-degree arson — intentionally damaging a building by fire or explosion (or a fire damaging a jail or prison with reckless disregard for others' safety) — is a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). Third-degree arson — recklessly damaging a building by fire or explosion — is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year). Burning a building in which only the actor has an interest, for a lawful purpose, is a defense to second-degree arson.

Cruelty to animals — recklessly or negligently subjecting an animal to cruel mistreatment or neglect, or killing or injuring another's animal without good cause — is a Class A misdemeanor: up to 1 year in jail and up to $3,000, with minimum fines of $500 on a second conviction and $1,000 on a third. Aggravated cruelty to animals — intentionally or knowingly torturing an animal (including causing its death) — is a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years). For dogs and cats, intentional torture or skinning (or dealing in their fur) is first-degree cruelty, a Class C felony; cruel overloading, starving, beating or mutilating is second-degree cruelty, a Class A misdemeanor. The statutes read do not set a criminal ownership ban, but a court may refuse to return a seized dog or cat to an owner found unfit and order the owner to pay its care costs.

Yes. 'Distributing a private image' — knowingly posting, texting or otherwise sharing a sexually explicit image of an identifiable person who did not consent in writing and had a reasonable expectation of privacy — is a crime; so is 'creating a private image' without consent. Altered or AI-generated images that appear to show a real person are covered. A first violation is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year and a $6,000 fine); a later conviction is a Class C felony. The Attorney General may seek an emergency injunction to stop distribution. Threatening to release sexual images to force someone to act is sexual extortion, a Class B felony.

Communicating with someone by mail, phone or any written or electronic communication with intent to harass or alarm, in a manner likely to do so, is 'harassing communications,' a Class C misdemeanor (up to 3 months in jail and a $500 fine); it applies to any victim, not only minors. In schools, the student bullying law (which expressly includes cyberbullying on or off school property) bans bullying and threats between students and requires complaint forms, prevention programs and local board policies; it does not itself set a criminal penalty.

No separate juvenile 'sexting' offense or diversion statute was found in the Code of Alabama. The private-image statute (§ 13A-6-240) applies to anyone who shares a sexually explicit image without written consent, and the child sexual abuse material laws (Title 13A, chapter 12, article 4, division 4) cover images of minors. A school law requires every local school board to adopt a written student-discipline and education policy on sharing private images and child sexual abuse material, including AI-generated explicit images.

Human trafficking in the first degree — knowingly subjecting a person to labor or sexual servitude, recruiting or holding a minor for sexual servitude, or paying for sexual conduct with a minor (or someone believed to be a minor) — is a Class A felony (10 years to life or 99 years); if the defendant is 19 or older and the victim is a minor, the minimum sentence is life imprisonment. Human trafficking in the second degree — knowingly profiting from a servitude venture, recruiting or transporting a person for labor or sexual servitude, or advertising access to someone's servitude — is a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). Mistake about a minor's age, the victim's consent, and the victim's sexual history are not defenses.

Pedestrians must obey traffic-control devices and pedestrian signals. A pedestrian crossing anywhere other than a marked crosswalk or an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection must yield to all vehicles; between two adjacent intersections that both have working traffic signals, pedestrians may cross only in a marked crosswalk; diagonal crossing of an intersection is not allowed unless signs permit it; and no one may suddenly step off the curb into the path of a close vehicle. Drivers must yield to pedestrians in crosswalks where there is no working signal. Violations are misdemeanors under the rules of the road: up to a $100 fine or 10 days in jail for a first offense, rising for repeat offenses within a year. No statewide decriminalization was found.

It is illegal for anyone — driver or passenger — to possess an open container of alcohol in the passenger area of a motor vehicle on a public highway or its right-of-way. Exceptions include passengers in a bus, limousine or taxi with a CDL driver, passengers in a motor home or camper, containers in the trunk, truck bed or a locked case behind the seat of a pickup, a driver who did not know of and could not reach the container, and a parked vehicle with the engine off (except on the right-of-way). A violation is a Class C misdemeanor with a fine of up to $25, no court costs, no license points, and it is not a moving violation.

It is illegal for anyone under 21 to attempt to buy, buy, drink, possess or transport alcohol, apart from limited job duties for 18- to 20-year-old restaurant servers and licensee employees. A violation is a misdemeanor with a fine of $50 to $500 and up to 3 months in jail. Knowingly using or trying to use a fake or nongenuine driver's license to get alcohol carries the same penalty. For both offenses, on conviction (including in juvenile court or as a youthful offender) the person's driver's license must be surrendered to the judge and suspended for 3 to 6 months.

Driving while your license or driving privilege is cancelled, denied, suspended or revoked is a misdemeanor: a fine of $100 to $500 and up to 180 days in jail, plus a $50 additional penalty, and the state may revoke the license for 6 more months. If the license is revoked for any reason, or suspended because of a DUI or an implied-consent (breath test) refusal, officers must remove the driver and impound the vehicle on the spot, with limited exceptions. The statute sets the same penalty range for first and repeat offenses.

Everyone (unless exempt) must get a driver's license before driving on Alabama highways, and new residents must get an Alabama license within 30 days. Driving without having obtained a required license is a misdemeanor with a fine of $10 to $100 plus a $50 additional penalty. Drivers must also carry their license and show it on demand; a person charged with not having it cannot be convicted if they later produce a license that was valid at the time of the stop.

Alabama's concealed-weapon crime (§ 13A-11-50, a Class B misdemeanor) applies to carrying a concealed pistol or other firearm; its text does not mention knives. Selling, giving or lending a bowie knife or a similar knife to a minor is punishable by a fine of $50 to $500. No statute naming switchblades, gravity knives or a blade-length limit was located in this review.

Alabama allows consumer fireworks classified as DOT Class C (1.4G) — including aerial devices, audible ground devices (firecrackers up to 50 mg, aerial devices up to 130 mg of explosive), sparklers and novelties — to be sold at retail to residents; seasonal retailers may sell only June 20 to July 10 and December 15 to January 2. Fireworks may not be sold to children under 16 unless with an adult, or to intoxicated people, and buyers must show a driver's license or state ID. Setting off fireworks within 600 feet of a church, hospital, public school or any enclosed building, within 200 feet of where fireworks are sold or stored, from or into a vehicle, or at people is illegal. Violations are a Class A misdemeanor ($100 to $1,000 fine and/or 30 days to 1 year); making, bringing in, possessing or selling illegal ground salutes larger than consumer limits is a Class C felony ($500 to $5,000 and/or 1 year and 1 day to 10 years).

Kidnapping (abducting someone) is graded in two degrees. First-degree kidnapping, abducting a person to hold them for ransom, use them as a shield or hostage, commit a felony, injure or sexually abuse them, terrorize them or someone else, or interfere with a government function, is a Class A felony (10 to 99 years or life). Second-degree kidnapping, abducting someone using or intending to use deception or force, is a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). Holding someone against their will without abduction is unlawful imprisonment: first degree (restraint that exposes the person to a risk of serious physical injury) is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year), and second degree is a Class C misdemeanor (up to 3 months).

Threatening violence is mainly charged as 'making a terrorist threat' (a credible threat to commit a violent act against a person, or to damage property, using a bomb, firearm, deadly weapon, dangerous instrument or similar means). Second degree is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year), but a Class D felony (1 year and 1 day to 5 years) with a prior terrorist-threat conviction or a second offense within one year. First degree, when the threat is meant to or does disrupt a school, church, hospital, nursing home or similar building, or to intimidate someone carrying out a government function, is a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). Restitution for emergency-response costs is required, up to $10,000. Menacing (using physical action to put someone in fear of imminent serious injury) is a Class B misdemeanor (up to 6 months).

Stealing a motor vehicle is theft of property in the first degree regardless of the vehicle's value, a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). Joyriding, called unauthorized use of a vehicle (knowingly taking or using a vehicle without the owner's consent, or badly misusing or keeping a vehicle left for repair or rental), is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year), but becomes a Class B felony if the person takes control of the vehicle by force or threat while a driver or passenger is aboard. Breaking into a vehicle to commit a felony or theft is a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years).

Receiving stolen property (receiving, keeping or getting rid of property a person knows or has reasonable grounds to believe was stolen) is graded by value. Over $2,500 is first degree, a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). $1,500 to $2,500, or any stolen firearm, or a dealer who buys without reasonable inquiry, is second degree, a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years). Over $500 up to $1,499 is third degree, a Class D felony (up to 5 years). $500 or less is fourth degree, a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year). Being found with stolen property twice in the past year, or with recently stolen goods, is evidence the person knew it was stolen.

Yes. Organized retail theft (working with one or more others to organize, take part in or fund store theft, defeat anti-theft devices, use a rental or stolen car to hide identity, or buy or resell merchandise known to be stolen from a store) is a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). It also covers store theft adding up to more than $2,500 over a year or longer, $1,000 or more in 180 days, or $500 or more in 30 days. Ordinary retail theft is separately graded: first degree (over $2,500, $1,000 or more in 180 days, or any firearm) is a Class B felony; second degree (over $500 to $2,500) is a Class C felony; third degree ($500 or less) is a Class A misdemeanor, and a fourth or later conviction under the retail theft article is a Class C felony.

Selling, giving or delivering any Schedule I-V controlled substance (unlawful distribution) is a Class B felony (2 to 20 years), as is possession with intent to distribute, which the statute defines by amount (for example more than 8 but less than 28 grams of cocaine or methamphetamine, more than 2 but less than 4 grams of a heroin or fentanyl mixture, or more than half a gram but less than 1 gram of pure fentanyl). Larger amounts are 'trafficking,' treated as a Class A felony with mandatory minimum prison terms and fines: for example cannabis over 2.2 pounds (3 years and $25,000, up to life at 1,000 pounds), cocaine or methamphetamine 28 grams or more (3 years and $50,000, life at 10 kilos), heroin or fentanyl mixtures 4 grams or more (3 years, up to life at 56 grams), and fentanyl alone 1 gram or more (3 years and at least $50,000, life at 8 grams).

Getting a controlled substance by fraud (lying, using a false name or address, hiding a material fact, or altering a prescription or written order) is charged as unlawful possession or receipt of a controlled substance, a Class D felony (1 year and 1 day to 5 years). The same rule covers obtaining listed precursor chemicals this way. Forging a prescription itself may also be charged under the general forgery laws.

Alabama has no offense called vehicular assault; injuring someone while impaired is charged as assault. Causing serious physical injury to another person with a vehicle or boat while driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs is first-degree assault, a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). Recklessly causing serious physical injury by means of a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument is second-degree assault, a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years). Separately, serious injury caused during an illegal speed contest or street 'sideshow' is a Class C felony with a 2-year driving ban.

Racing on a public highway (drag races, speed contests, exhibitions of speed or speed-record attempts) is punished by a $500 fine and 5 to 90 days in jail for a first conviction (jail suspended for 30 days' probation), $3,000 and 10 days to 6 months for a second, and $6,000 and up to 1 year for a third, with the court ordering a driving ban of up to 6 months (first) or up to 1 year (repeat) and the vehicle impounded at arrest. A separate law bans speed contests, exhibitions of speed, street 'sideshows,' burnouts and donuts on roads or parking lots without the owner's consent: a Class C misdemeanor first, a Class B misdemeanor after that, a Class A misdemeanor with injury or property damage (6-month driving ban), a Class C felony with serious injury (2-year ban) and a Class B felony if someone dies; vehicles may be towed and held at least 48 hours.

Operating or being in actual control of a boat, or using water skis or a similar device, on state waters while impaired is illegal under the same conditions as DUI: a blood alcohol level of 0.08 percent or more (0.02 for anyone under 21), or being under the influence of alcohol, drugs or any impairing substance. It is punished the same way as DUI; a first conviction carries up to 1 year in jail and/or a $600 to $2,100 fine, and the license consequence applies to the person's vessel operating privilege or boater safety certification instead of the driver's license. The minimum punishment doubles if an adult offender had a child under 14 aboard, and refusing a field breath test carries the same penalty as for drivers.

Insurance fraud (knowingly and with intent to defraud presenting false information in an insurance claim or application, or other listed acts such as stealing insurance funds or hiding an insurer's assets) is a felony at every level. If the loss or potential loss is over $1,000, it is first degree, a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). If it is $1,000 or less, it is second degree, a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years).

Public assistance fraud (knowingly lying or hiding facts to qualify for or keep public benefits, misusing food assistance or Medicaid cards, billing for services not given, and similar acts) is a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years) when the total value is $200 or more and a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year) when less. Unemployment benefits fraud (willfully making a false statement or hiding a fact to get or increase benefits) is a Class B felony over $2,500, a Class C felony over $500 up to $2,500, and a Class A misdemeanor at $500 or less; each false statement is a separate offense, and instead of fines the person must repay the Department of Labor at least the benefits obtained by fraud.

Bribery of a public servant (offering or giving anything of value to influence an official's vote, judgment or official action, or an official asking for or accepting a payment for that purpose) is a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years). It is no defense that the official was not yet in office or lacked power to act. Commercial bribery (secretly giving a benefit to an employee, agent or fiduciary to influence their conduct toward their employer or beneficiary) is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year).

Willfully trying to evade or defeat any Alabama tax under the revenue title is a felony punished by a fine of up to $100,000 ($500,000 for a corporation), up to 5 years in prison, or both. Willfully failing to file a required return, pay a tax, keep records or supply information is a misdemeanor punished by a fine of up to $25,000 ($100,000 for a corporation), up to 1 year, or both, plus costs of prosecution. Related sections cover failing to collect or pay over tax and filing fraudulent returns.

Alabama's main sexual assault crimes are rape, sodomy and sexual abuse. Rape in the first degree (sexual intercourse by forcible compulsion, with someone incapable of consent because incapacitated, or by a person 16 or older with a child under 12) is a Class A felony (10 to 99 years or life); first-degree sodomy is graded the same way. Rape or sodomy in the first degree of a child under 12 is a capital offense. Sexual abuse in the first degree (sexual contact by forcible compulsion or with an incapacitated person) is a Class C felony, and sexual misconduct (sexual intercourse, sodomy or contact without consent in other circumstances, or with consent obtained by fraud) is a Class A misdemeanor. Second-degree rape and sodomy (age-based offenses with a victim 12 to 15) are Class B felonies; see the age-of-consent page for those age rules.

Sexual abuse of a child less than 12 years old (sexual contact with a child under 12 by a person 16 or older) is a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). Sexual abuse in the second degree, which covers sexual contact by a person 19 or older with a child 12 to 15, is a Class A misdemeanor, but a Class C felony if the offender is at least 15 years older than the victim or it is a repeat sex offense within one year. Enticing a child under 16 to enter a vehicle, house or other place for sexual purposes is a Class C felony. A Class B felony sex offense involving a child carries a minimum of 10 years, and a Class A felony sex offense involving a child a minimum of 20 years.

Alabama calls child pornography 'child sexual abuse material.' Knowingly possessing it is a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years); possessing it with intent to disseminate is a Class B felony (2 to 20 years), and transferring it to a device or place that others can access is prima facie evidence of that intent. Disseminating or publicly displaying it, or advertising or distributing material presented as depicting a real minor, is a Class B felony. Producing it is a Class A felony (10 to 99 years or life), as is a parent or guardian knowingly allowing a child to be used to produce it.

Electronic solicitation of a child (using a computer, phone, internet service, video game system or other electronic device to entice or lure a child at least three years younger than the defendant, or someone believed to be such a child, to meet for sexual acts, or directing a child to engage in sexual acts) is a Class B felony (2 to 20 years). For this offense a child is a person under 16. Traveling, or trying to travel, to meet a child (or someone believed to be a child) for an unlawful sex act is a Class A felony (10 to 99 years or life).

Every adult convicted of a listed sex offense must register under the Alabama Sex Offender Registration and Community Notification Act, and an adult sex offender is subject to the Act for life. Adults must register in person immediately on release (or conviction if not jailed) in each county where they live, work, volunteer or attend school, update changes immediately, and verify in person in their birth month and every three months after that. Juveniles adjudicated delinquent of the most serious listed sex offenses at age 14 or older register for life (with a petition for relief possible after 25 years); other juvenile sex offenders register for 10 years. Knowingly violating the adult registration requirements is a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years).

A person may not own or possess a firearm if he or she was convicted of any felony within the previous five years, has three or more felony convictions from separate cases at any time, or was ever convicted of a crime of violence, misdemeanor domestic violence or a listed violent offense; the same ban covers people under a domestic abuse protection order or of unsound mind. A violation is a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years). It is an affirmative defense that the person received a pardon under § 15-22-36 that expressly restores the right to possess a firearm for each conviction relied on.

Hacking is called computer tampering in Alabama: knowingly accessing and altering or damaging a computer or network without authority or beyond authorization, deleting data, taking programs or data, introducing a virus, causing a denial of service, or giving out passwords or other security information. It is a Class A misdemeanor, a Class C felony if done to commit an unlawful act, get a benefit or defraud or harm someone, a Class B felony if the victim's expenses exceed $2,500 or public services or government operations are disrupted (or if criminal justice information systems are involved), and a Class A felony if the victim's expenses exceed $100,000 or someone is physically injured. Using a card scanner or re-encoder to steal or copy card data with intent to defraud (encoded data fraud) is a Class C felony.

Alabama is a one-party consent state: the eavesdropping law makes it a crime to overhear, record, amplify or transmit a private communication of others without the consent of at least one of the people in the conversation. Criminal eavesdropping (intentionally using a device to eavesdrop) is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year). Knowingly or recklessly using or divulging information obtained by criminal eavesdropping or surveillance is a Class B misdemeanor.

Knowingly making a false report of a crime to local, state or federal law enforcement is a Class A misdemeanor, but a Class C felony if the false report claims imminent danger to a person or the public; a person whose false report triggered an emergency response must pay the responding agencies' costs as restitution. Separately, falsely reporting an incident (a false report or warning of a fire, bomb, explosion, crime, catastrophe, emergency or hazardous substance release likely to cause evacuation or public alarm) is a Class A misdemeanor, or a Class C felony for a false bomb, explosion or hazardous substance report. If the target is a school or college, the sentence cannot be probated or reduced until the minimum is served.

Yes. Alabama's hate crime law raises the minimum sentence when a crime is proven beyond a reasonable doubt to have been motivated by the victim's actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, ethnicity, or physical or mental disability. The minimum becomes 15 years for a Class A felony, 10 years for a Class B felony, 2 years for a Class C felony and 18 months for a Class D felony. A misdemeanor is sentenced as a Class A misdemeanor with a minimum of three months.

When there is reasonable cause to believe a parolee violated parole, a parole officer or board member can have the Department of Corrections issue an arrest warrant, and the Board of Pardons and Paroles may declare the parolee delinquent. A parole court (the board, one board member, a revocation hearing officer or a designated parole officer) holds a hearing, generally within 20 business days or the parolee goes back on supervision, and decides whether the evidence supports the violation. For most technical violations the board may order up to 45 days of confinement in a jail or transition center, and parole can be revoked only after three such periods. Revocation for the rest of the sentence is required when the original crime was a Class A violent offense, a sex offense, illegal gun possession or aggravated theft by deception, and is allowed when the parolee absconded, had a gun, or was arrested or convicted of a new offense.

Knowingly doing something a domestic violence protection order forbids, or willfully failing to follow its terms, is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year). A second conviction carries at least 30 days in jail that cannot be suspended, and a third or later conviction is a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years). The court also adds a $50 fine for the Domestic Violence Trust Fund. Under a recent amendment, district courts have exclusive jurisdiction over these prosecutions (except juvenile cases), and cases pending on October 1, 2026 move to district court.

Alabama uses both automatic adult prosecution and judicial transfer. A person who was 16 or older and is charged with a capital offense, a Class A felony, a felony involving a deadly weapon, a felony causing death or serious physical injury, a felony using a dangerous instrument against a police officer, judge, teacher or other listed official, drug trafficking, or certain other listed felonies is charged and tried as an adult and is outside juvenile court jurisdiction. For any child who was 14 or older and is accused of a criminal offense, the prosecutor may ask the juvenile judge to transfer the case; after a hearing and a probation officer's report, the judge weighs the offense, prior record, past treatment, maturity and community interest. Once a child is convicted as an adult or as a youthful offender, the juvenile court loses jurisdiction over that child's later offenses.

Alabama has the death penalty. Capital offenses include murder committed during a kidnapping, robbery, rape, sodomy, burglary or arson; murder of an on-duty police officer or prison guard; murder for hire; murder of two or more people in one act or scheme; and other listed murders, plus first-degree rape, first-degree sodomy and sexual torture when the victim is under 12. After a capital conviction a separate sentencing hearing decides between life without parole and death. Executions are carried out by lethal injection unless the person elects electrocution or nitrogen hypoxia.

In Alabama a felony conviction takes away the right to vote only if it is a felony 'involving moral turpitude', and the Felony Voter Disqualification Act gives the full list of those offenses (for example capital murder, murder, manslaughter, first- and second-degree assault, kidnapping, rape, sodomy, human trafficking, terrorism and treason). A conviction for a felony not on the list does not disqualify a voter. A person who lost the right to vote can apply to the Board of Pardons and Paroles for a Certificate of Eligibility to Register to Vote once released after completing the sentence, pardoned, or released from probation or parole, with no felony charges pending and all fines, court costs, fees and restitution ordered at sentencing paid.

Voting rights lost for a disqualifying felony are restored by applying to the Board of Pardons and Paroles for a Certificate of Eligibility to Register to Vote; the certificate must be granted when the requirements are met (sentence completed, pardon, or release from probation or parole; no pending felony charges; court-ordered fines, costs, fees and restitution paid). People convicted of impeachment, murder, rape, sodomy, sexual abuse, incest, sexual torture, certain child sex and obscenity offenses, or treason cannot use the certificate and must seek a pardon with restoration of voting rights. Other civil and political rights are restored through a pardon from the Board of Pardons and Paroles, and a pardon does not remove those disabilities unless it says so; the felon firearm ban is lifted only by a pardon that expressly restores the right to possess a firearm.

Alabama's Habitual Felony Offender Act raises the sentence for anyone with prior Class A, B or C felony convictions. With one prior, a new Class C felony is punished as Class B, a Class B as Class A, and a Class A by 15 to 99 years or life. With two priors, a Class C is punished as Class A, a Class B by 15 to 99 years or life, and a Class A by life or not less than 99 years. With three priors, a Class C brings 15 to 99 years or life, a Class B life or not less than 20 years, and a Class A life or life without parole (life without parole is required if any prior was a Class A felony). A new Class D felony is punished as Class C after two prior Class A or B felonies or after any three prior felonies.

Alabama regulates hemp-derived THC products as 'consumable hemp products' under a licensing chapter run by the Alcoholic Beverage Control Board. Smokable hemp products (hemp flower, buds, joints, cigarettes) and products with psychoactive cannabinoids made by chemical synthesis or conversion are excluded and banned, and selling or possessing them is a Class C felony. From January 1, 2026, products must have a lab certificate of analysis, be in sealed original packaging, and meet limits of 10 mg total THC per edible or beverage serving and 40 mg per container of other products. Buyers must be 21 or older; most retailers must admit only adults 21 and older, and underage buyers face the same penalties as underage drinking.

Psilocybin and psilocyn are Schedule I controlled substances in Alabama. Possessing any Schedule I substance is unlawful possession of a controlled substance, a Class D felony (1 year and 1 day to 5 years).

Kratom's active compounds, mitragynine and hydroxymitragynine, are listed in Schedule I of Alabama's controlled substances law, so kratom is treated as an illegal controlled substance. Possessing a Schedule I substance is a Class D felony (1 year and 1 day to 5 years).

Hemp CBD products sold to eat, drink, apply or take under the tongue fall under Alabama's 'consumable hemp product' law, which covers any finished product containing hemp compounds, including cannabinoids. They must be sold by a retailer licensed by the Alcoholic Beverage Control Board, meet testing, packaging and THC limits, and may not be bought or possessed by anyone under 21. Pharmacies may sell topical and under-the-tongue hemp products, and grocery stores may sell hemp beverages, with a board license. Smokable hemp products are banned.

The minimum age to buy, use, possess or transport tobacco, vapes (electronic nicotine delivery systems), e-liquid and alternative nicotine products in Alabama is 21; merely possessing a vape device is a violation for someone under 21, and using a fake ID to buy these products is also unlawful. A violation by someone under 19 is handled as a delinquent act in juvenile court. A first violation brings parent notification and a required vaping awareness and prevention class; a second brings a court-approved addiction or substance abuse course, and no court costs or fees may be charged.

Alabama's elder abuse crimes protect people 60 or older. Elder abuse and neglect in the first degree (intentional abuse or neglect causing serious physical injury) is a Class A felony; second degree (intentional abuse causing physical injury, reckless abuse causing serious physical injury, or a repeat after a third-degree conviction) is a Class B felony; third degree (reckless abuse or neglect causing physical injury, or reckless emotional abuse) is a Class A misdemeanor. Financial exploitation of an elderly person is a Class B felony if more than $2,500 is taken, a Class C felony for more than $500 up to $2,500, and a Class A misdemeanor for $500 or less.

In Alabama, knowingly photographing or filming another person's intimate areas (through, under or around clothing) without their knowledge and consent where they expect privacy is voyeurism in the second degree, a Class A misdemeanor; doing it to arouse or gratify sexual desire is voyeurism in the first degree, a Class C felony. If the defendant was 18 or younger, first degree is a Class A misdemeanor and second degree a Class B misdemeanor. Watching someone for sexual gratification where they expect privacy, without consent, is aggravated criminal surveillance, a Class C felony, and surveillance while trespassing in a private place is criminal surveillance, a Class B misdemeanor. The time limit to prosecute voyeurism starts when the photo or film is discovered. Voyeurism in the first degree is on Alabama's list of sex offenses that require sex offender registration.

In Alabama, intending to injure and causing physical injury while trying to stop a peace officer, jail or prison officer, emergency medical worker, utility worker or firefighter from doing a lawful duty is assault in the second degree, a Class C felony (1 year and 1 day to 10 years); the same applies to injuring teachers, public school employees and listed health care workers on duty. Simple assault (assault in the third degree, such as intentionally or recklessly causing physical injury) is a Class A misdemeanor, and causing physical injury to any person while intending to stop a peace officer's lawful duty is also third-degree assault. The felony grade applies when injury is intended and the victim is one of the listed workers on duty.