Murder Laws in Florida

First-degree murder is a premeditated killing, a killing during certain serious felonies (such as robbery, burglary, sexual battery, kidnapping, arson, carjacking, aggravated child abuse or human trafficking), or a death caused when an adult distributes certain hard drugs such as fentanyl; it is a capital felony punished by death or life in prison without parole. Second-degree murder is a killing by an act imminently dangerous to others showing a depraved mind, without premeditation, or a death caused by someone other than the person committing one of those serious felonies; it is a first-degree felony punishable by up to life. Third-degree murder is an unintended killing during any other felony (and certain fentanyl distributions by a minor), a second-degree felony (up to 15 years). Offenders under 18 cannot receive death; a juvenile who actually killed gets life or at least 40 years.

Florida's rule on court-appointed lawyers: An applicant for a public defender applies to the clerk of the court for a determination of indigent status and 'shall pay a $50 application fee to the clerk for each application for court-appointed counsel filed,' within 7 days of applying; if unpaid at disposition, the court may assess it as part of the sentence. A person found indigent may not be refused counsel for failure to pay the fee. An applicant is indigent if income is equal to or below 200 percent of the then-current federal poverty guidelines, or if receiving TANF-Cash Assistance, poverty-related veterans' benefits or SSI. The clerk makes the determination; an applicant found not indigent may seek review by the court, which makes the final determination. Fla. Stat. § 27.52

Lawyers set their own fees, and Florida has rules on how they may charge. See hiring a criminal defense lawyer in Florida for fee rules, how to check a lawyer's license and free help.

How release before trial works in Florida: 'The purpose of a bail determination in criminal proceedings is to ensure the appearance of the criminal defendant at subsequent proceedings and to protect the community against unreasonable danger from the criminal defendant.' The court considers factors including the nature and circumstances of the offense, the weight of the evidence, the defendant's family ties, residence, employment, finances and mental condition, past conduct and prior convictions or failures to appear, danger to the community, the source of bail funds, whether the defendant is already on pretrial release, probation or parole, and danger to victims (§ 903.046(2)). The Florida Supreme Court must adopt a uniform statewide bond schedule for offenses not described in § 903.011(6); local schedules generally may not set lower amounts, and the schedule 'shall not bind a judge in an individual case.' A person meeting § 903.011(6) criteria — including a current charge of a capital, life, first-degree or second-degree felony — may not be released before his or her first appearance hearing or bail determination. Fla. Stat. §§ 903.011, 903.046 What happens after an arrest.

Each state sets its own rules for sealing or expunging records. See Florida expungement and record sealing rules.