Jury Duty Exemptions by State (2026)
Who can be excused or is exempt from jury duty in each state, including age limits, from each state's jury law or court website.
This table covers 40 of 51 jurisdictions (50 states and DC). A state that is not listed has no rule here that we could verify against an official source yet.
| State | Who can be excused from jury duty |
|---|---|
| Arizona | A person 75 or older may send the court a written request to be excused, temporarily or permanently, and the judge or jury commissioner must grant it. Others may be temporarily excused, on timely application, for a medical or mental condition (documented by a physician, physician assistant or nurse practitioner), inability to understand English, harm to the public interest, or undue or extreme physical or financial hardship to the person or someone in their care (for example, no substitute caregiver for a dependent); missing work alone does not qualify, and hardship requests must be resolved before the service date with supporting documents. Certified peace officers, state correctional officers, and people summoned within four years after serving on an Arizona grand jury may also be excused. Requests go to the judge or jury commissioner of the court that sent the summons. Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 21-202 |
| Arkansas | A person 80 or older may choose to exempt themselves from, or decline, jury service at any time. A court may excuse or defer anyone summoned when their own health or their family's health reasonably requires their absence, or when the court believes the person's own interests or the public's interests would be materially harmed by their attendance; the court sets how long the excuse lasts or the later term of service. Members of the General Assembly are entitled to defer service summoned within 30 days before or during a legislative session until 30 days after adjournment. Ark. Code Ann. § 16-31-103 (secondary source: public copy of the state code; check the official code) |
| California | California has no exemption based on age; jurors must be at least 18, and someone who served on a jury in the last 12 months is not qualified to serve again. A juror may ask to be excused for hardship: no transportation, excessive travel distance, a physical or mental impairment, caring for a dependent when no one else can, or extreme financial burden. People with a serious health problem may be excused or postpone (a doctor's note may be required, and disabled people may request a permanent medical excuse), and a breastfeeding mother may postpone for up to one year. To ask, mark the right category on the summons response form and return it to the court right away, or follow the summons instructions to postpone; you may still have to appear before a judge. Judicial Branch of California, Jury Service |
| Colorado | Colorado has no age-based exemption; jurors must be at least 18. You are not qualified if you served on a jury in any court in the past 12 months, or if you are the primary caregiver for a permanently disabled person in your household and do not work outside the home; a physical or mental disability that prevents service also disqualifies you, with a current statement from a licensed physician, physician assistant, advanced practice nurse or authorized Christian Science practitioner. Breastfeeding mothers can be temporarily excused, usually for one year. Military members and students are not automatically excused but may postpone (military up to 6 months; out-of-state students up to 12 months), and everyone has the right to one postponement, requested on the summons form, online through the county's jury page, or by contacting the jury commissioner. A felony conviction does not bar trial jury service but does bar grand jury service. Colorado Judicial Branch, Jury FAQs (citing C.R.S. § 13-71-105(3)) |
| Connecticut | Jurors must be 18 or older. A person 75 or older may choose not to serve and may ask the Jury Administrator to be left off the summons list. Also disqualified: people convicted of a felony within the past three years, with a pending felony case or in Correction custody; people unable to speak and understand English; people with a physical or mental disability that prevents satisfactory service (a letter from a licensed health care provider is required); certain top state officials and judges; and legislators while the General Assembly is in session. A person who served (and was not excused) in the past three jury years is excused unless they ask to serve, and the Jury Administrator or the court may excuse a juror for extreme hardship. Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 51-217, 51-217a |
| Delaware | Everyone is qualified for jury service except people who are not U.S. citizens, under 18, not residents of the county, unable to read, speak and understand English, unable to serve because of a physical or mental disability, or convicted felons whose civil rights have not been restored; the court may require a physician's certificate. Someone who is qualified may be excused by the Court only for undue hardship, extreme inconvenience or public necessity, for a period the Court sets, and the Court may treat certain groups or occupations as meeting that standard. Women currently breastfeeding a child must be excused for at least one year. The statute sets no age at which older people are automatically exempt. 10 Del. C. §§ 4509, 4511 |
| District of Columbia | To serve, a person must be at least 18. People are disqualified if they cannot serve because of physical or mental infirmity, or if they have a felony conviction or a pending felony or misdemeanor charge (a person with a felony conviction can qualify again no less than one year after finishing incarceration, probation or parole). D.C. law says no person or class of people may be excused or exempt except as the statute provides, and it sets no age-based exemption. Instead, a qualified juror may be deferred for undue hardship, extreme inconvenience, public necessity, or a temporary physical or mental disability, using the procedure in the court's jury plan. No one has to serve as a grand or petit juror more than once in any 24-month period, unless the court orders otherwise or the juror list runs short. D.C. Code §§ 11-1906(b), 11-1908(a), 11-1909, 11-1911 |
| Florida | Florida excuses several groups on request: people 70 or older (who may also ask in writing to be permanently excused), expectant mothers, a parent not working full time who has custody of a child under 6, women who gave birth within 6 months before the reporting date, caregivers of someone who cannot care for themselves, and full-time students aged 18 to 21. A person who reported for jury duty in their county within the past year is exempt for 1 year. Full-time law enforcement officers are excused unless they choose to serve, and a judge may excuse practicing lawyers, physicians, physically infirm people, or anyone showing hardship, extreme inconvenience or public necessity. Service may also be postponed for up to 6 months on written or oral request. Fla. Stat. §§ 40.013(2)(b), (4)-(12), 40.23(2) |
| Georgia | A Georgia resident 70 or older may ask the clerk in writing (with the clerk's affidavit form) to be excused, and the clerk must then take them off the active list. Excusal or deferral must be granted on request for full-time college or vocational students during enrollment, the primary caregiver of a child 6 or younger with no other reasonable child care, the primary teacher in a home study program, the unpaid primary caregiver of a dependent adult (with a medical provider's statement), and service members on ordered military duty and their spouses (with a copy of a military ID). A judge or designee may also defer or excuse people doing work vital to public health or safety or who show other good cause, usually by moving service to a later date. Requests are made on the affidavit form the court provides. O.C.G.A. § 15-12-1.1(a)-(c) (secondary source: public copy of the state code; check the official code) |
| Hawaii | According to the Hawai'i Judiciary, you may claim an exemption from jury service if you are 80 or older, a judge, a practicing physician or dentist, active-duty military deployed out of state, police, fire or emergency medical personnel, an elected official asked to serve during the legislative session, or if you live more than 70 miles from the court that sent the summons. A person breastfeeding a child 2 or younger can also be exempt, and a person with a disability may be disqualified with a physician's or physician assistant's certificate. These exemptions are claimed on the juror questionnaire; anyone else, such as a caregiver with no substitute or a person with a medical condition, must ask the court in writing at least 2 weeks before the appearance date. A summoned juror may also ask once per summons to postpone service. Hawai'i State Judiciary, Jury Service FAQ and Jury Questionnaire FAQ |
| Indiana | According to the Indiana Judicial Branch, Indiana Jury Rule 7 lets the judge or the judge's designee put off (defer) a person's jury service for hardship, extreme inconvenience or necessity. Courts generally do not require you to come to court to ask; you can usually contact the court that sent the summons by phone, email where available, in writing or in person. Jurors must be U.S. citizens, at least 18, residents of the county and able to communicate in English, and people with a disability that prevents satisfactory service are not eligible (Jury Rule 5). Indiana Jury Rules 5 and 7, as described by the Indiana Judicial Branch |
| Iowa | An Iowa court must excuse a person who gives written proof that he or she is solely responsible for the daily care of a household member with a permanent disability whose health would be put at substantial risk, or who is the mother of a breastfed child and responsible for the child's daily care; this automatic excuse does not apply if the person regularly works outside the home. The court may also put off a person's jury service because of hardship, inconvenience or public necessity, and the person may be required to serve later. The statute does not set an age-based excuse; jurors must be at least 18. Iowa Code §§ 607A.4(1)(a), 607A.5, 607A.6 (Iowa Code 2026) |
| Kansas | Kansas excuses from jury service anyone who served as a juror in the same county within the past year, a mother who is breastfeeding (her service is postponed until she stops), people who cannot understand English well enough to answer the jury questionnaire, people judged incompetent, and people convicted of a felony within the past 10 years. A court may also excuse people too physically or mentally infirm to serve, people needed elsewhere for public welfare, health or safety, and people for whom service would cause extraordinary or compelling personal hardship. Requests go to the court that sent the summons. K.S.A. 43-158, 43-159 |
| Kentucky | In Kentucky, a person 70 or older may ask on the juror qualification form to be excused for the period summoned, and a judge may grant a permanent exemption for a permanent medical condition that makes service impossible. A judge must excuse a mother who is breastfeeding or expressing breast milk until she stops. A judge may excuse or postpone service (up to 24 months) for undue hardship, extreme inconvenience or public necessity; requests can be made to the Chief Circuit Judge or court staff before assignment, or heard on the day jurors report. No one has to serve more than 30 court days as a trial juror, or on more than one grand jury, in any 24-month period. KRS 29A.080(2)(h), (3); 29A.100; 29A.130 |
| Louisiana | Louisiana's Code of Criminal Procedure leaves the list of who is exempt from jury service to rules of the Louisiana Supreme Court (Art. 403). Separately, a person is not qualified to serve unless he or she is a U.S. and Louisiana citizen who has lived in the parish for at least one year, is at least 18, can read, write and speak English, is not under interdiction or unable to serve because of a mental or physical infirmity (hearing loss alone does not disqualify), and does not have certain recent felony charges, probation or parole or a conviction for a felony crime of violence or felony sex offense (Art. 401). Requests to be excused go to the court that issued the summons. La. C.Cr.P. arts. 401, 403 |
| Maine | The Governor, active-duty military members and persons exempt under 37-B M.R.S. §185 are exempt from jury service. A person 80 or older who does not wish to serve is excused. Others may be excused by the presiding justice or clerk, on request, only for undue hardship, extreme inconvenience, public necessity or a physical or mental disability (a doctor's certificate may be required); election officials have specific election-day excuses. Over a lifetime a person may not be required to serve as a trial juror more than 3 times, and not more than once in any 5-year period. 14 M.R.S. §§1211, 1213, 1216 |
| Maryland | A person is exempt from jury service only if he or she is at least 70 and asks the jury commissioner in writing, is an elected member of the federal Legislative Branch, is an active-duty armed forces member exempted under federal law, or is an organized-militia member exempted under state law. Except as a jury plan allows or to finish a case, a person may not be required to serve or attend court for jury service more than once in any 3-year period. Other excuses or rescheduling are handled by the local jury commissioner. Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. §§8-306, 8-310(c)(2) |
| Massachusetts | Massachusetts has no job- or status-based exemptions; you are disqualified only for one of 10 statutory reasons. They include: not a U.S. citizen or Massachusetts resident; under 18; 70 or older and choosing not to serve (you can ask online or on the Juror Confirmation Card to be permanently removed from the list); unable to speak and understand English; a mental or physical disability with a doctor's note; being the sole caregiver of a permanently disabled person in your household, with a doctor's letter (not available if you work outside the home); a felony conviction in the last 7 years, a pending felony charge, or being in custody; or having served as a state or federal juror in the last 3 years. Other hardships are raised with a judge on the day you report, or in rare cases in writing to the Office of Jury Commissioner at least 30 days before your date. M.G.L. c. 234A, §4 (as stated by the Office of Jury Commissioner) |
| Michigan | People 70 or older are exempt from jury service under Michigan law if they ask; the juror qualification questionnaire asks whether a person 70 or older chooses to serve. The questionnaire also asks whether you were paid as a juror in the past 12 months and whether you are a U.S. citizen, speak and understand English, are physically and mentally able to serve, and have a felony conviction. With documentation, additional exemptions are available to active-duty service members and their spouses, nursing mothers, and people in the address confidentiality program; contact the court named on the questionnaire. MCL 600.1307a, 600.1313 (as stated on SCAO form MC 321a) |
| Minnesota | A person 70 or older who asks to be excused is automatically excused without proof. You are not qualified if you served as a state or federal juror in the past four years (two years if the county is short of jurors), and sitting Minnesota state judges are disqualified. Otherwise, a person may be excused only if a judge finds they cannot perform juror duties, or the jury commissioner excuses them because service would be a continuing hardship; deferral to a later date is encouraged instead. Legislators and staff get a deferral during session, and filed candidates may defer until after their election. Requests go to the county jury commissioner. Minn. Gen. R. Prac. 808, 810 |
| Mississippi | A person over 65 may claim an exemption from jury service by giving the circuit clerk information to verify the claim outside open court, and may file a notarized request for a permanent age-based excuse; someone who already served in a litigated trial in one court cannot use it to avoid service in another. The court may also excuse a juror who is ill and unable to serve (a doctor's certificate to the clerk can be used), for undue or extreme physical or financial hardship (such as no substitute caregiver for someone in your care, costs that would seriously affect daily living expenses, or physical hardship leading to illness), or a breast-feeding mother. Missing work alone is not a hardship, a judge decides hardship requests, and the ruling must be obtained by the date you are due to appear. Miss. Code Ann. §§13-5-23, 13-5-25 (secondary source: public copy of the state code; check the official code) |
| Missouri | On timely request to the court, these people must be excused: anyone who served on a state or federal jury in the past two years; nursing mothers with a doctor's statement; people whose absence from work would materially harm public safety, health or welfare; people for whom service would be an undue or extreme physical or financial hardship (such as no substitute caregiver, inability to pay daily living costs, or illness), with documentation; health care providers certifying service would harm their patients; certain religious employees; and anyone 75 or older. Missing work alone is not a hardship, and a hardship ruling must be obtained before the date you are due to appear. RSMo §494.430 |
| Montana | The court or jury commissioner must excuse a person when jury service would be an 'undue hardship' for the person, a dependent, or the public the person serves; an excuse may be granted to a breastfeeding mother or someone who must personally care for a sick, aged, or special-needs dependent when substitute care is unavailable or impractical (§ 3-15-313(1)). To ask, send an affidavit to the jury commissioner stating the facts (§ 3-15-313(2)). A person chronically incapacitated by illness or injury may ask for a permanent exclusion with a physician's certification (§ 3-15-313(3)). On request, a person 75 years of age or older must be excused (§ 3-15-313(5)). MCA § 3-15-313 |
| New Mexico | A person who served on a state or federal petit or grand jury within the preceding thirty-six months is exempt on request, and a person seventy-five years of age or older who asks the local court is permanently exempt (§ 38-5-2(A)-(B)). A judge may excuse a person when service would cause undue or extreme physical or financial hardship to the person or someone in their care, in an emergency, or on other satisfactory evidence; being absent from work alone is not a hardship (§ 38-5-2(C), (G)). Use the form sent with the summons to claim an exemption (§ 38-5-10), and get a ruling no later than the date you are scheduled to appear (§ 38-5-2(D)). NMSA 1978, §§ 38-5-2, 38-5-10 |
| New York | The commissioner of jurors may excuse a prospective juror or postpone service on the juror's application; a breastfeeding mother who submits a physician's or nurse practitioner's note must be excused or postponed (Judiciary Law § 517(a)). A first postponement can be to a date the juror picks within six months, and an initial postponement may be requested by telephone. If the commissioner denies the request, the person may apply to the court. Excuses are granted for a mental or physical condition that makes the person incapable of serving, or for undue hardship or extreme inconvenience to the person, someone in their care, or the public (§ 517(b)-(c)). After serving, a person is not required to serve again for six years (eight years after more than ten days of service), or half that period on request (§ 524). N.Y. Judiciary Law §§ 517, 524 |
| North Dakota | North Dakota has no automatic exemptions: no qualified prospective juror is exempt from jury service, and there is no age-based exemption in the statute. The court, on the juror's request or its own initiative, may excuse a person for undue hardship, extreme inconvenience, or public necessity, for as long as the court deems necessary, after which the person must reappear for service. A person is disqualified if not a U.S. citizen and resident of the state and county, under 18, unable to communicate in English, unable because of physical or mental disability to serve (a physician's certificate may be required), or has lost the right to vote because of imprisonment or a disqualifying conviction. In any two-year period a person may not be required to serve or attend as a petit juror more than ten court days (except to finish a case) or serve on more than one grand jury. N.D.C.C. §§ 27-09.1-08, 27-09.1-10, 27-09.1-11, 27-09.1-15 |
| Oklahoma | Persons over 70 and persons who served as a grand or petit juror during the last five calendar years cannot be compelled to serve. The court may also excuse a person who has a documented mental or physical condition making them incapable of serving (up to 24 months), or for whom service would cause undue or extreme physical or financial hardship (for example, no substitute caregiver for a person in their care); being absent from work alone is not a hardship, and documentation is required. On request, an active-duty member of the U.S. Armed Forces serving during war or declared hostilities, and a mother who is breast-feeding a baby, are exempt. Every summoned juror has the right to postpone the first appearance once, to a date within six months, by contacting the court clerk in person, by phone, e-mail or in writing; a second postponement requires an extreme emergency. Certain officials (judges, sheriffs, licensed practicing attorneys, legislators in session, some law enforcement) and people with unrestored felony convictions are not qualified. 38 O.S. §§ 28, 28.1 |
| Oregon | According to the Oregon Judicial Department, a person 70 or older may ask to be excused and can choose whether to serve. Courts may also excuse people for undue hardship or extreme inconvenience to themselves, their family, employer or the public; for breastfeeding a child; for being the sole caregiver of a child or other dependent during court hours without affordable alternatives; or for medical hardship. A person who served as a juror in Oregon state or federal court within the last 24 months is not eligible, and active Oregon National Guard and Air National Guard members are not required to serve. Requests are made through the court's juror eResponse portal after completing the qualification form (or by contacting the local jury office); only the court decides, and postponement is only to a later date. Oregon Judicial Department, Jury Service page |
| Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania exempts or excuses: people in active service of the U.S. or Pennsylvania armed forces; people who served on any jury within the previous three years (one year if the service was under three days); people 75 or older who ask to be excused; breastfeeding women who ask to be excused; spouses, children, siblings, parents, grandparents and grandchildren of criminal homicide victims; people who served 18 months on a statewide investigating grand jury and choose not to serve; and magisterial district judges and federal judges. Anyone showing the court undue hardship or extreme inconvenience may be excused permanently or for a set period. People incapable of efficient service because of mental or physical infirmity are disqualified. Requests go to the court or county jury office named on the summons. 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 4503(a), 4502(a) |
| Rhode Island | The Rhode Island Superior Court's official juror guide says people called for jury duty should not ask to be excused except for urgent reasons, and that no person is eligible to serve more than once every three years. U.S. citizens over 18 who are registered to vote in a Rhode Island city or town, hold a Rhode Island driver's license or ID card, receive unemployment benefits, or file a state income tax return are eligible unless a legal exemption is claimed. A juror who will be late or cannot report should call the Jury Commissioner's Office promptly at 8:30 a.m. with their name, juror number and reason. Rhode Island Superior Court, Guide to Jury Service |
| South Carolina | In South Carolina, no one is exempt from jury service except people 65 or older, who may be excused after confirming their date of birth and age by telephone with the clerk of court or chief magistrate. The presiding judge must excuse, on an affidavit filed with the clerk, a juror who has legal custody of a child under seven or who is the primary caretaker of a person 65 or older or a severely disabled person, and may excuse or move to another term a person whose business, commercial or agricultural enterprise would have to close without them. A judge may also excuse a juror for good and sufficient cause, filed with the clerk. Students and school employees may have service postponed to a date outside the school term, and a person may not serve more than once each calendar year or be drawn more often than once every three years. S.C. Code §§ 14-7-840, 14-7-845, 14-7-850, 14-7-860 |
| South Dakota | A person 80 or older may ask to be excused, and the judge must give the request substantial weight. A mother breastfeeding a baby younger than one year, and a parent of a baby less than six weeks old (or expected to be born during or just before the jury duty), is exempt on a written request to the clerk of court within ten days of receiving the summons. Clergy, and members of a church or religious organization, are exempt if jury service conflicts with their religious belief. To be eligible a person must be a county (or jury district) resident and citizen, 18 or older, of sound mind and able to read, write and understand English; a person with a felony conviction is not eligible unless civil rights are restored. SDCL §§ 16-13-10, 16-13-10.3, 16-13-10.4 |
| Tennessee | A Tennessee court may excuse a person whose mental or physical condition makes them incapable of jury service, with documentation from a licensed physician. A person 75 or older whose mental or physical condition makes service impossible must be excused on a written declaration (name, date of birth and condition) sent to the jury coordinator, though they may choose to serve. A judge (or a jury coordinator the judge authorizes) may excuse a person for undue or extreme physical or financial hardship, such as having no substitute caregiver for someone in their care; missing work alone does not qualify, documentation is required, and a ruling must be obtained by the scheduled service date. A breastfeeding mother is excused on a written request with a supporting statement from a licensed physician or certified professional midwife. Excusals last up to 24 months unless the judge finds the grounds permanent. Tenn. Code Ann. § 22-1-103 (secondary source: public copy of the state code; check the official code) |
| Texas | A qualified Texas juror may claim an exemption if the person is 75 or older; has legal custody of a child under 12 and service would leave the child without adequate supervision; is a high school or college student; works for the legislative branch; is the primary caretaker of a person who cannot care for themselves; is on active military duty and deployed out of the county; or, in larger counties, served as a petit juror recently (24 months in counties of 200,000+, three years in counties of 250,000+). You claim an exemption by filing a signed statement with the court clerk before your report date, and people 75 or older may ask for a permanent exemption. A first postponement of up to six months is granted on request to the clerk. Tex. Gov't Code §§ 62.106, 62.107, 62.0143 |
| Utah | Utah law says no qualified prospective juror is exempt from jury service, but a court may excuse a person who shows undue hardship, public necessity, that she is a mother breastfeeding a child, or that the person is incapable of jury service, for as long as that reason lasts. The showing is made by affidavit, sworn testimony or other evidence, and the court may also postpone service for good cause. In any two-year period, a person generally may not be required to attend court as a trial juror more than one court day (except to finish a case) or to serve on more than one grand jury. Utah Code §§ 78B-1-108, 78B-1-109, 78B-1-110 |
| Vermont | Vermont does not automatically excuse anyone from jury service, and there is no age-based exemption in the statute. The presiding judge may excuse a person for all or part of the two-year jury period on an individual request showing undue hardship on the prospective juror or the employer. A person must be an adult U.S. citizen living in the court's area, able to read, write, understand and speak English, mentally and physically capable of service, and must not have served a prison term in Vermont for a felony; a petit juror cannot be called for selection more than three times in two years. 4 V.S.A. §§ 962, 963 |
| Virginia | Virginia lets certain people be exempt from jury service if they ask, including anyone over 73; a parent or guardian personally responsible for a child 16 or younger who needs continuous care during court hours, or for a child under 18 with a serious health condition; a breastfeeding mother; a caretaker (including a family member or close friend) of a person with a serious health condition; a spouse of someone summoned to the same panel; a person whose one-person business would have to close; members of the armed forces or diplomatic service serving outside the U.S.; and a person whose disability substantially impairs the ability to serve. Some legislative and election workers are exempt during set periods. The exemption must be requested; it is not automatic. Va. Code § 8.01-341.1 |
| Washington | In Washington a court may excuse a person from jury service only for undue hardship, extreme inconvenience, public necessity or another reason the court finds sufficient, for as long as the court thinks necessary. A person 80 or older who attests on the court's form (no doctor's note required) that they cannot serve for health reasons must be excused. A person excused for a particular term may be reassigned to another term within 12 months, and someone summoned again after already serving at least a week in the past 12 months may ask in writing to be excused. RCW 2.36.100 |
| West Virginia | West Virginia law says no qualified prospective juror is exempt from jury service, so there is no automatic age exemption in the statute. The court may excuse a person, on the person's request or on its own, for undue hardship, extreme inconvenience or public necessity for as long as the court thinks necessary, after which the person must report again as directed. The court may also excuse current members of the National Guard or reserves. The decision is based on the juror qualification form, an interview, or other evidence. W. Va. Code §§ 52-1-10, 52-1-11 |
| Wyoming | Wyoming exempts salaried, active firefighters and active police or law-enforcement officers, elected public officials, active-duty Wyoming National Guard members, and people exempt under federal law (such as active-duty military when service would interfere with their duties); an exempt person must claim the exemption by affidavit. A juror cannot be excused for trivial reasons or business inconvenience, but may be excused for threatened serious harm to property, for their own health or a family member's sickness or death, or to care for young children. Anyone 72 or older may be excused on request, and someone who served during a jury term may ask to be excused for the rest of that term. W.S. 1-11-103, 1-11-104, 1-11-105 |
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Last verified against official sources: October 23, 2026.
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