Child Endangerment Laws in Ohio

Endangering children: a parent or custodian who creates a substantial risk to a child's health or safety by violating a duty of care, or anyone who abuses a child, commits a first-degree misdemeanor (up to 180 days), a fourth-degree felony with a prior child-abuse or neglect conviction, and a third-degree (neglect) or second-degree (abuse) felony if the child suffers serious physical harm. Torturing or cruelly abusing a child, excessive physical punishment or restraint creating a substantial risk of serious harm, or repeated unwarranted discipline is a third-degree felony, or second-degree with serious harm or a prior; using a child in sexual material is a second-degree felony. Drunk driving with a child in the vehicle is a first-degree misdemeanor, rising to a felony with serious harm or priors. Contributing to the unruliness or delinquency of a child (including contributing to habitual truancy) is a first-degree misdemeanor, each day a separate offense.

Ohio's rule on court-appointed lawyers: Under Ohio Public Defender rules, an applicant whose gross income is at or below 187.5% of the federal poverty level is presumed indigent; an applicant above that may still qualify if net income after basic living expenses is at or below 125% of the poverty level or if the applicant cannot afford qualified counsel. Applicants are presumed indigent if they receive poverty-based public assistance (such as SSI, Medicaid, or SNAP), are committed to a public mental health facility, are incarcerated in a state penitentiary, or are a child. Liquid-asset limits depend on the most serious charge (for example $2,000 for a misdemeanor and $8,000 for a first- or second-degree felony), but exceeding the limits does not automatically bar appointment, and posting bail does not disqualify an applicant. A person applying for court-appointed counsel or public defender services must pay a non-refundable application fee of twenty-five dollars to the clerk of court (at filing of the financial disclosure form or within seven days); the court may waive or reduce it if the person lacks sufficient financial resources or payment would cause undue hardship. Ohio Adm.Code 120-1-03; R.C. 120.36

Lawyers set their own fees, and Ohio has rules on how they may charge. See hiring a criminal defense lawyer in Ohio for fee rules, how to check a lawyer's license and free help.

How release before trial works in Ohio: All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except a person charged with a capital offense where the proof is evident or the presumption great, and a person charged with a felony where the proof is evident or the presumption great and the person poses a substantial risk of serious physical harm to any person or to the community. Excessive bail shall not be required. When setting the amount of bail, the court shall consider public safety, including the seriousness of the offense, and a person's criminal record, the likelihood a person will return to court, and any other factor the General Assembly may prescribe. By statute, a judge may deny bail to a person charged with aggravated murder (non-capital), murder, a first- or second-degree felony, and certain other listed offenses only after a hearing at which the state proves by clear and convincing evidence that the proof is evident or the presumption great, that the accused poses a substantial risk of serious physical harm to any person or the community, and that no release conditions will reasonably assure safety; continuances are limited to three court days for the state and five court days for the accused unless waived. Ohio Const. art. I, § 9; R.C. 2937.222 What happens after an arrest.

Each state sets its own rules for sealing or expunging records. See Ohio expungement and record sealing rules.