Alaska Criminal Laws: Felony and Misdemeanor Classes, Theft, Self-Defense and Bail

Alaska felonies are unclassified (the most serious, with the longest possible sentences) and Class A, B and C. A class A felony may be punished by a maximum term of imprisonment of 20 years and a maximum fine of $250,000. A class B felony carries a maximum term of imprisonment of 10 years and maximum fine of $100,000. A class C felony is punishable by up to five years in prison and a fine of up to $50,000. Felony fines can reach $500,000, depending on the type of crime.

Class A misdemeanor: jail for up to 1 year and/or a fine up to $25,000. Class B misdemeanor: jail for up to 90 days and/or a fine up to $2,000. A violation is an offense that carries no jail time but may result in a fine up to $500; a violation is not considered a crime.

Theft of property or services worth $750 or more but less than $25,000 is theft in the second degree, a class C felony. Theft of $25,000 or more is theft in the first degree, a class B felony. Theft of $250 or more but less than $750 is theft in the third degree, a class A misdemeanor. Some thefts are felonies regardless of value, such as a firearm or explosive or property taken from the person of another, and repeat theft convictions can raise lower-value thefts to a higher degree.

Stand your ground for crimes occurring after September 18, 2013. A defendant may not use deadly force in self-defense if the defendant knows that, with complete personal safety and with complete safety as to others being defended, the defendant can avoid the necessity of using deadly force by leaving the area of the encounter; however, there is no duty to leave the area if the defendant is in any other place where the defendant has a right to be (in addition to the home, workplace and other listed situations).

A person justified in using deadly force in self-defense (against imminent death, serious physical injury, kidnapping, first- or second-degree sexual assault, first-degree sexual abuse of a minor, or robbery in any degree) has no duty to leave the area if he or she is on premises that he or she owns or leases, where he or she resides temporarily or permanently, or as a guest or express or implied agent of the owner, lessor or resident; is in a building where he or she works in the ordinary course of employment; or is protecting a child or a member of his or her household. Peace officers and persons assisting them in an arrest or preventing escape also have no duty to retreat. Unless the state proves beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant did not act in self-defense, the jury must find the defendant not guilty.

There is no time limit for murder (including attempt, solicitation or conspiracy), felony sexual abuse of a minor, kidnapping, class A, B and unclassified sexual assault, and certain sex and human trafficking offenses, among others listed. Felonies under AS 11.41.120 - 11.41.330 and some other listed sections must be charged within 10 years. All other offenses must be charged within five years. Fraud and misconduct-in-office offenses can sometimes be charged within one year after discovery, but not more than three years past the normal limit.

A judge sets bail; for felonies the defendant goes before the court within 24 hours after arrest. In setting bail the judge takes into account the seriousness of the crime, whether the defendant is a risk to the community, and whether he or she is a flight risk, and must consider the safety of the victim and the community. Release can be on the defendant's own recognizance, on an unsecured or secured appearance bond, with a third-party custodian (usually a relative or employer) who will be with the defendant and make sure he or she goes to court, and with conditions such as no drinking, driving or contact with the victim. The defense attorney can request a bail hearing, and a defendant can apply for bail review (AS 12.30.006). A statewide misdemeanor bail schedule (dated April 13, 2023) says most misdemeanor defendants arrested without a warrant are released on their own recognizance with standard conditions, sets cash bail for listed offenses (e.g. $500 for a first non-DV assault, $1000 for a second or subsequent non-DV assault), and does not apply to felonies; people charged with domestic violence crimes or second-degree stalking are held until they appear before a judicial officer.

If you are charged with a criminal offense and cannot afford to hire an attorney, you are entitled to a court-appointed attorney, often from the state Public Defender Agency. At your court appearance the judge will ask whether you want the court to appoint a lawyer and will either question you about your finances or ask you to fill out a financial statement, under oath. If you are convicted the court will enter a judgment for part of the cost of appointed counsel based on a schedule in Criminal Rule 39(d); for a case that ends at trial: $500 (misdemeanor), $1,500 (class B or C felony), $2,500 (class A or unclassified felony), $5,000 (first- or second-degree murder); a misdemeanor change of plea is $200. If you are not convicted, you usually will not have to pay. A denial can be reviewed by the presiding judge if requested within 3 days (form CR-212).

Sexual abuse of a minor in the second degree includes when the defendant, being 17 years of age or older, engages in sexual penetration with a child who is 13, 14, or 15 years of age and at least four years younger than the defendant. Sexual penetration with a child under 13 is first-degree sexual abuse of a minor.

Legal for adults. Persons 21 years of age or older may lawfully possess, use, display, purchase, or transport one ounce or less of marijuana; possess, grow, process, or transport not more than six marijuana plants, with three or fewer being mature, flowering plants (not more than 12 plants, with six or fewer mature, flowering, in a single dwelling regardless of how many adults live there); and transfer one ounce or less and up to six immature plants to another adult 21 or older without remuneration. Public consumption is unlawful and is a violation punishable by a fine of up to $100. Violating the home-cultivation rules (plants must not be in public view, must be secured, and grown on property lawfully possessed or with consent) is a violation punishable by a fine of up to $750.

Alaska grades assault in four degrees. The basic offense, assault in the fourth degree, includes recklessly causing physical injury to another person or, by words or other conduct, recklessly placing another person in fear of imminent physical injury; it is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year in jail and a fine up to $25,000). Assault in the third degree, a Class C felony (up to five years and a fine up to $50,000), includes recklessly placing someone in fear of imminent serious physical injury by means of a dangerous instrument, or causing injury with a weapon. Assault in the second degree (for example, intentionally causing physical injury with a dangerous instrument) is a Class B felony (up to 10 years, up to $100,000), and assault in the first degree (for example, recklessly causing serious physical injury with a dangerous instrument) is a Class A felony (up to 20 years, up to $250,000).

Alaska has no separate crime called battery; harmful touching that causes physical injury is charged as assault (most often assault in the fourth degree, a Class A misdemeanor, for recklessly causing physical injury). Offensive touching that causes no injury can be charged as harassment: subjecting another person to offensive physical contact with intent to harass or annoy is harassment in the second degree, a Class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days in jail and a fine up to $2,000). Alaska also has a harassment in the first degree offense involving offensive contact, charged as a Class A misdemeanor.

Alaska does not have a separate domestic assault crime; assaults against a household member are charged under the regular assault statutes and flagged as a 'crime involving domestic violence' (defined in AS 18.66.990). A person arrested for a crime involving domestic violence is held without bail until seen by a judicial officer. Committing an assault that is a crime involving domestic violence while a child under 16 is present (in the dwelling, vehicle or place, or within hearing) is the separate crime of assault in the presence of a child, a Class A misdemeanor. A fourth-degree assault (reckless or negligent injury) becomes assault in the third degree, a Class C felony, when the person has been convicted on two or more separate occasions of listed crimes within the preceding 10 years.

Shoplifting can be charged in Alaska as concealment of merchandise or as theft. Concealing merchandise worth less than $250 is a Class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days in jail and a fine up to $2,000), and $250 to $749 is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year, up to $25,000); concealing a firearm or merchandise worth $750 or more is a Class C felony. Theft in the fourth degree (property worth less than $250) is also a Class B misdemeanor. Repeat shoplifting is punished more severely: theft or concealment of items worth less than $250 by someone convicted and sentenced on three or more separate occasions of theft or concealment within the past five years is a Class A misdemeanor, and theft or concealment of items worth $250 to $749 after two or more convictions within five years for theft or concealment of $250 or more is a Class C felony (up to five years, up to $50,000).

Burglary in the second degree is knowingly entering or remaining unlawfully in a building with intent to commit a crime there; it is a Class C felony (up to five years and a fine up to $50,000). It becomes burglary in the first degree, a Class B felony (up to 10 years, up to $100,000), when the building is a dwelling or when, in entering, while inside, or in immediate flight, the person is armed with a firearm, causes or tries to cause physical injury, or uses or threatens to use a dangerous instrument. Robbery in the second degree is using or threatening the immediate use of force on any person while taking or attempting to take property from another's immediate presence and control; it is a Class B felony. It becomes robbery in the first degree, a Class A felony (up to 20 years, up to $250,000), when the robber or another participant is armed with a deadly weapon (or claims to be), uses or tries to use a dangerous instrument or defensive weapon, or causes or tries to cause serious physical injury.

Vandalism is called criminal mischief in Alaska and is graded by the amount of damage. Intentionally damaging another person's property worth less than $250 is criminal mischief in the fifth degree, a Class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days in jail, up to $2,000); damage of $250 to $749 is criminal mischief in the fourth degree, a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year, up to $25,000); and damage of $750 or more is criminal mischief in the third degree, a Class C felony (up to five years, up to $50,000). Third-degree criminal mischief also covers knowingly defacing, damaging or desecrating a cemetery, grave or memorial. The most serious degrees cover damage over $100,000 by widely dangerous means, and damaging an oil or gas pipeline or a utility or emergency service.

Criminal trespass in the second degree is knowingly entering or remaining unlawfully in or upon premises, or in a propelled vehicle; it is a Class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days in jail and a fine up to $2,000). Criminal trespass in the first degree, a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year and a fine up to $25,000), is knowingly entering or remaining unlawfully in a dwelling, or entering or remaining unlawfully on land with intent to commit a crime there. Entering a building unlawfully with intent to commit a crime inside is burglary, a felony.

Alaska calls drug crimes misconduct involving a controlled substance (MICS). Simple possession of any amount of a schedule IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA or VA controlled substance is MICS in the fifth degree, a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year, up to $25,000). It becomes MICS in the fourth degree, a Class C felony (up to five years and a fine up to $50,000), when the person has a prior fifth-degree possession conviction within the preceding 10 years, or when the drug is GHB or a related schedule IA substance listed in AS 11.71.140(e). Possessing a schedule IIIA, IVA, VA or VIA substance within 500 feet of school grounds or a recreation or youth center, or on a school bus, is also fourth-degree MICS.

A driver involved in a crash that injures or kills a person, or damages a vehicle driven or attended by another person, must immediately stop at or as close as possible to the scene, return to and remain at the scene until giving name, address and vehicle license number, and give reasonable assistance to anyone injured. If an unattended vehicle is damaged, the driver must stop and try to locate and notify the owner, or leave a written note with the names and addresses of the driver and owner and a statement of the circumstances. Failing to give the required information or assistance is punishable by up to 1 year in jail, a fine of up to $500, or both; failing to help an injured person is punishable by up to 10 years in prison, a fine of up to $10,000, or both. These penalties do not apply to a driver physically unable to comply because of the crash.

Reckless driving is driving a motor vehicle in a manner that creates a substantial and unjustifiable risk of harm to a person or to property. It is a misdemeanor (a crime, not just a traffic violation), punishable by a fine of up to $1,000, up to one year in jail, or both. Committing reckless driving while failing to stop for a police officer turns the eluding offense into failure to stop in the first degree, a Class C felony.

Harassment in the second degree, a Class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days in jail, up to $2,000), covers acting with intent to harass or annoy by, for example, insulting or taunting someone in a way likely to provoke an immediate violent response, making repeated calls at extremely inconvenient hours, making anonymous or obscene calls or sending obscene electronic communications or calls or messages that threaten physical injury or sexual contact, offensive physical contact, distributing intimate images of the person, or repeatedly sending electronic messages that insult, taunt or intimidate a person under 18 and place them in reasonable fear of physical injury. Stalking in the second degree, a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year, up to $25,000), is knowingly engaging in repeated acts of nonconsensual contact that recklessly place the victim in fear of death or physical injury to the victim or a family member. Stalking becomes first-degree stalking, a Class C felony (up to five years, up to $50,000), when it violates probation, release or parole conditions or a protective order, the victim is under 16, the stalker possessed a deadly weapon, or the stalker has a prior conviction for stalking, violating a protective order, or a listed violent or sexual crime involving the same victim.

Resisting or interfering with arrest is knowingly resisting a peace officer's arrest of oneself, or interfering with the arrest of another, by force, by committing criminal mischief, or by any means that creates a substantial risk of physical injury, with intent to prevent the arrest; it is a Class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year, up to $25,000). Knowingly failing to stop a vehicle, aircraft or watercraft as soon as practical and safe after being signaled by a peace officer is failure to stop in the second degree, a Class A misdemeanor. It becomes failure to stop in the first degree, a Class C felony (up to five years, up to $50,000), when the driver was also committing reckless driving or vehicle theft, or the driving caused an accident or serious physical injury.

Missing a court date after being released on bail or conditions is the crime of failure to appear when the person knew of the hearing and, with criminal negligence, did not appear. It is a Class C felony (up to five years and a fine up to $50,000) if the person was released on a felony charge or while awaiting sentence or appeal for a felony, and a Class A misdemeanor (up to one year and a fine up to $25,000) if released on a misdemeanor charge or as a material witness. Any bail or other security posted for the person's appearance is forfeited. It is a defense that unforeseeable circumstances outside the person's control prevented the appearance and the person contacted the court orally and in writing as soon as possible.

A probation officer may arrest a probationer for cause without a warrant, and the court may issue an arrest warrant for a probation violation; police may also detain or arrest a probationer for violating certain listed conditions. The probationer is then brought before the sentencing court. A suspended sentence may be revoked only for good cause, and the probationer is entitled to reasonable notice and to be represented by a lawyer. The court may revoke probation and order the probationer to serve the suspended sentence or a lesser term (or, if imposition of sentence was suspended, impose any sentence it could originally have imposed), or it may modify the conditions, change the probation period or end probation. Total probation may not exceed 10 years (25 years for a felony sex offense).

Alaska has no single obstruction-of-justice crime; several offenses cover it. Using force, threats or property damage, or offering a benefit, to influence a witness or juror or the outcome of an official proceeding is interference with official proceedings, a Class B felony (up to 10 years, up to $100,000). Inducing a witness to testify falsely, withhold testimony or skip a court proceeding is tampering with a witness in the first degree, a Class C felony (up to five years, up to $50,000); tampering with physical evidence is also a Class C felony. Helping someone who committed a felony avoid arrest or prosecution is hindering prosecution in the first degree, a Class C felony, or a Class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days, up to $2,000) if the underlying crime was a misdemeanor.

Perjury is making a false sworn statement that the person does not believe to be true; it is a Class B felony (up to 10 years in prison and a fine up to $100,000). It is no defense that the statement was inadmissible or the oath was given irregularly. A false unsworn written statement made to mislead a public servant in an application for a benefit or on a form warning that false statements are punishable is unsworn falsification in the second degree, a Class A misdemeanor (up to one year, up to $25,000), or a Class C felony if it is in a permanent fund dividend application.

Being drunk in public is not a crime under Alaska state law; state policy is that intoxicated people should not be criminally prosecuted for drinking and should be offered treatment. A person who appears intoxicated in a public place and needs help may be taken into protective custody and brought home or to a treatment or health facility (or, if none is available, to a jail or detention facility); a person who appears incapacitated in public must be taken into protective custody. Protective custody is not an arrest, and no record may be made showing that the person was arrested or charged with a crime. Laws on drunk driving and on drinking in specified public places still apply.

Disorderly conduct covers making unreasonably loud noise to disturb others' peace and privacy, refusing a peace officer's lawful order to disperse at a crime scene or to leave premises where the person has no right to be, challenging someone to fight or fighting other than in self-defense, recklessly creating a hazardous condition with no legal justification, and intentionally exposing one's buttocks or anus to another. It is a Class B misdemeanor, but any jail sentence is limited to 72 hours for a first conviction and 10 days for a second or later conviction; the Class B misdemeanor fine limit is $2,000.

Indecent exposure in the second degree is knowingly exposing one's genitals in the presence of another person with reckless disregard for the offensive, insulting or frightening effect. It is a Class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days, up to $2,000), or a Class A misdemeanor (up to one year, up to $25,000) if done before a person under 16. It becomes indecent exposure in the first degree, a Class C felony (up to five years, up to $50,000), if the offender masturbates during the act or has a prior indecent exposure conviction, and a Class B felony (up to 10 years, up to $100,000) if that first-degree offense happens within the observation of a person under 16.

Prostitution covers both selling and buying: engaging in or agreeing or offering to engage in sexual conduct for a fee, or offering a fee for sexual conduct. It is a Class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days in jail and a fine up to $2,000). A person who reported in good faith to law enforcement certain serious crimes (such as murder, assault, sexual assault, robbery or sex trafficking) that they witnessed or suffered, and who cooperated, may not be prosecuted for selling sex based on evidence found through that report. Inducing or causing someone to engage in prostitution is sex trafficking, a felony; using force, or involving a person under 20, is sex trafficking in the first degree (a Class A felony, or an unclassified felony when the person is under 20).

Alaska law authorizes charitable gaming: the state may issue permits to municipalities and qualified organizations to conduct bingo, raffles and lotteries, pull-tab games, ice classics and similar classics, fish derbies, dog mushers' contests, Calcutta pools and contests of skill. The charitable gaming law does not authorize playing cards, dice, roulette wheels, coin-operated gaming machines or similar gambling devices. Other gambling not specifically authorized by law is unlawful: playing is a violation (fine only; up to $1,000 for a second or later offense), with a defense for a social game in a home with no house player, bank, odds or income. Promoting or profiting from unlawful gambling is a Class A misdemeanor (up to one year, up to $25,000), or a Class C felony (up to five years, up to $50,000) for an unlawful gambling enterprise.

Alaska has no separate embezzlement crime. Keeping money or property that was received under an obligation to pay or deliver it to someone else is theft by failure to make required disposition of funds, charged under the general theft statutes by value: theft of $25,000 or more is a Class B felony, $750 to $24,999 a Class C felony, $250 to $749 a Class A misdemeanor, and under $250 a Class B misdemeanor. If the defendant was a fiduciary or a government or financial-institution officer or employee, failing to account on demand or an audit shortage is prima facie evidence of the offense. Knowingly misapplying property entrusted to a fiduciary, or government or financial-institution property, is misapplication of property, a Class C felony for $750 or more and a Class A misdemeanor below that.

Alaska charges identity theft as criminal impersonation. Possessing another person's access device (such as a credit card) or identification document and, without authorization, using it to get a false ID, open a bank account, obtain an access device or obtain property or services, while recklessly damaging that person's financial reputation, is criminal impersonation in the first degree, a Class B felony (up to 10 years, up to $100,000). Assuming a false identity or pretending to represent someone to defraud or obtain a benefit is criminal impersonation in the second degree, a Class A misdemeanor (up to one year, up to $25,000). Fraudulent use of a stolen, forged, revoked or unauthorized credit card or ID is a Class A misdemeanor under $75, a Class C felony from $75 to $24,999 and a Class B felony at $25,000 or more; obtaining an access device or ID by fraud is a Class C felony.

Forgery in the third degree is, with intent to defraud, falsely making, completing or altering a written instrument, or knowingly possessing or passing (uttering) a forged instrument; it is a Class A misdemeanor (up to one year, up to $25,000). It is forgery in the second degree, a Class C felony (up to five years, up to $50,000), when the instrument is or appears to be a deed, will, contract, check or other commercial instrument or other document affecting legal rights, or a public record, and forgery in the first degree, a Class B felony (up to 10 years, up to $100,000), for government-issued money, securities or stamps or corporate stock or bonds. Issuing a check knowing it will not be honored is graded by its face amount: a Class B misdemeanor under $250, a Class A misdemeanor from $250 to $749, a Class C felony from $750 to $24,999 and a Class B felony at $25,000 or more.

Blackmail is called extortion in Alaska: obtaining another's property by threatening or suggesting that someone will, for example, cause physical injury or commit another crime, accuse anyone of a crime, expose a secret or confidential information that would bring hatred, contempt or ridicule or harm credit or business reputation, or misuse official action. Extortion is a Class B felony (up to 10 years in prison and a fine up to $100,000). Using the same kinds of threats to force someone to do or not do something they have a legal right to choose is coercion, a Class C felony (up to five years, up to $50,000). Honestly claiming restitution or compensation is a defense to some extortion threats.

First-degree murder includes intentionally causing a person's death, a child's death by at least two separate acts of criminally negligent serious injury, and deaths caused during sexual offenses or kidnapping against a child under 16, first-degree criminal mischief or first-degree terroristic threatening; it is an unclassified felony punished by 30 to 99 years, and a mandatory 99 years for listed cases such as killing an on-duty peace officer or firefighter, a prior murder conviction, or substantial torture. Second-degree murder covers causing death while intending serious injury or knowing death or serious injury is substantially certain, conduct showing extreme indifference to human life, deaths during listed felonies such as robbery, burglary, kidnapping or first-degree arson (felony murder), gang felonies, and deaths from delivering certain controlled substances; it carries 15 to 99 years (20 to 99 years for a parent or person in authority who kills a child under 16). Acting in a heat of passion caused by the victim's serious provocation is a defense to intentional first- and second-degree murder that leaves manslaughter.

Manslaughter is intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causing another person's death in circumstances that are not murder, intentionally helping someone commit suicide, or making or delivering certain controlled substances that cause a death; it is a class A felony (up to 20 years and $250,000). Criminally negligent homicide, causing a death with criminal negligence, is a class B felony (up to 10 years and $100,000).

A parent, guardian or other person legally caring for a child under 16 commits first-degree endangering the welfare of a child by deserting the child where there is a substantial risk of injury, leaving the child with a registered or charged sex offender, or recklessly failing to give enough food or liquid so the child's health is impaired (class C felony, up to 5 years); leaving a child with someone known to have abused a child, who then injures or sexually abuses the child, is a class A misdemeanor to a class B felony depending on the harm, and driving a child while under the influence is a class A misdemeanor. Caring for a child under 10 while impaired with no sober person 12 or older present, or letting the child stay where illegal drugs are stored, is second-degree endangerment, a non-criminal violation. Contributing to the delinquency of a minor (an adult aiding or encouraging a child to break the law, be around drug activity, skip school or run away) is a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year).

First-degree arson is intentionally damaging any property by fire or explosion and thereby recklessly endangering another person (including responding firefighters and police) with serious physical injury; it is a class A felony (up to 20 years). Second-degree arson is knowingly damaging a building by fire or explosion, a class B felony (up to 10 years). Third-degree arson is intentionally burning a vehicle on public land or another person's vehicle on private property, a class C felony (up to 5 years). Negligently damaging another's property by fire is criminally negligent burning, a class A misdemeanor, or a class C felony with two prior convictions in 10 years.

Cruelty to animals includes knowingly inflicting severe or prolonged pain or suffering, killing or injuring an animal in a decompression chamber, or intentionally poisoning a pet or livestock, all class C felonies (up to 5 years). Criminally negligent failure to care for an animal that causes its death or severe suffering, killing or injuring an animal to intimidate a person, and sexual conduct with animals are class A misdemeanors (up to 1 year), but become class C felonies with a prior conviction within 10 years. Each animal is a separate offense, and the court may order forfeiture of the animals, repayment of care costs, and a ban or limit on owning or keeping animals for up to 10 years.

Alaska covers this under harassment in the second degree: with intent to harass or annoy, publishing or distributing photos, pictures or films that show another person's genitals, anus or female breast or show that person in a sexual act is a class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days and $2,000). Distributing such an image of a person taken when they were under 16, to annoy or humiliate them, is the separate offense of sending an explicit image of a minor: a class B misdemeanor if sent to another person and a class A misdemeanor if posted on a public website.

Second-degree harassment includes repeatedly sending or publishing an electronic communication that insults, taunts, challenges or intimidates a person under 18 in a way that puts them in reasonable fear of physical injury, as well as obscene or threatening electronic communications; it is a class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days and $2,000). Separately, each school district must adopt a policy prohibiting harassment, intimidation and bullying of students; that school-policy law does not itself carry a criminal penalty.

Alaska's specific statute in this area is 'sending an explicit image of a minor': distributing a photo or video of another person's genitals, anus or female breast taken when that person was under 16, with intent to annoy or humiliate them, is a class B misdemeanor when sent to another person's phone or computer and a class A misdemeanor when posted to a public website. Other image offenses (such as the child sexual abuse material statutes in AS 11.61.125 and 11.61.127) were not reviewed for any exception for minors.

Alaska's Criminal Code (AS Title 11) contains no offense of money laundering. Alaska's money services law requires licensed money transmitters and their agents to file with the attorney general the reports required by federal currency and suspicious-transaction reporting laws pertaining to money laundering.

Human trafficking in the first degree, compelling or inducing someone to engage in sexual conduct, adult entertainment or labor by force, threat of force or deception, is a class A felony (up to 20 years). Second-degree human trafficking, inducing someone into adult entertainment or labor by threats such as exposing secrets, destroying identity or immigration documents, threatening deportation or debt collection, withholding necessities or drugs, or deception, is a class B felony (up to 10 years). Sex trafficking in the first degree (prostitution by force, of a person in one's custody, or of a person under 20) is a class A felony, and an unclassified felony when the person induced is under 20; second-degree sex trafficking (running a prostitution enterprise, procuring patrons, or inducing commercial sex by coercion) is a class B felony, and third-degree is a class C felony.

Under Alaska's traffic regulations, a pedestrian crossing a roadway anywhere other than a marked crosswalk or an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection must yield to all vehicles; between adjacent signalized intersections in a business or residence district, pedestrians may cross only in a marked crosswalk, and they may not cross diagonally unless a traffic-control device allows it. Pedestrians must obey traffic and pedestrian signals and may not step off a curb into the path of a vehicle too close to stop, while drivers must yield to pedestrians in crosswalks where no signals are operating. Violating a traffic regulation adopted under Title 28 is an infraction with a fine of up to $300, unless another law says otherwise; an infraction is not a crime and cannot lead to jail.

A person may not drive a motor vehicle on a highway or vehicular way or area when there is an open bottle, can or other container of alcohol (including one with a broken seal) in the passenger compartment, which includes a glove or utility compartment within reach. Open containers may be carried in the trunk; behind the last upright seat of a motor home, station wagon, hatchback or similar trunkless vehicle (or on a motorcycle) if enclosed in another container; behind a solid partition separating the driver from passengers; or by a passenger in a for-hire vehicle that holds 12 or more people. Violating the rule is an infraction, which is not a crime and cannot result in jail.

A person under 21 may not knowingly consume, possess or control alcohol (except as allowed under AS 04.16.051(b)) or buy or ask someone else to buy alcohol; each is a non-criminal violation punished by a $500 fine, which the court may reduce to $50 (one or fewer prior violations) or $250 (two or more) if the person completes an alcohol safety action program or community diversion panel within six months. A person under 21 may not use a false or borrowed birth certificate or other evidence of age, or otherwise misrepresent age, to get served in a licensed premises, and misrepresenting someone's age to get them alcohol is the violation of delivery to a person under 21 ($500).

Driving while your license or privilege to drive is cancelled, suspended or revoked for one of the reasons in AS 28.15.181 or 28.15.182 (such as DUI-related or other criminal offenses) is a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year and $25,000), with a mandatory minimum of 10 days in jail, suspended in full for a first conviction but served on a repeat conviction. Driving while suspended or revoked for other reasons, or in violation of a license limitation, is an infraction for a first offense and a class A misdemeanor if the person has a prior conviction within 10 years. It is a defense if the suspension was for lack of insurance after a crash and the driver proves the insurance was in effect at the time.

Anyone driving or in physical control of a motor vehicle on a highway, vehicular way or other public property must have a valid physical or electronic Alaska driver's license for that type of vehicle, unless exempt; violating this is an infraction. A licensed driver must also carry the license and show it to a peace officer on demand, also an infraction, but cannot be convicted if they later show the court or the citing officer's office a license that was valid at the time. Infractions are not crimes and cannot lead to jail.

Alaska's weapons law does not ban owning or carrying switchblades or gravity knives by adults and sets no blade-length limit. It is a class A misdemeanor to sell or transfer a switchblade or gravity knife to anyone under 18 without a parent's or guardian's written consent, and a class B misdemeanor for an unemancipated minor under 16 to possess one without parental consent. A person under 21 may not carry a concealed deadly weapon other than an ordinary pocket knife (class B misdemeanor), and an adult carrying a concealed deadly weapon other than an ordinary pocket knife must tell a police officer who contacts them and allow it to be secured. Possessing a deadly weapon on school grounds, buses or school events without permission is a class A misdemeanor (adults 21+ may keep non-firearm weapons in a vehicle trunk or closed container), and carrying a deadly weapon other than an ordinary pocket knife while violating a domestic violence protective order is a class C felony.

Alaska's fireworks law requires a state fire marshal permit to sell consumer fireworks at retail and a license to sell at wholesale, and the Department of Public Safety decides by regulation which fireworks are consumer fireworks and sets standards for their sale, storage and use. Under the state fire code regulations, fireworks may not be sold to anyone under 18, may be sold only from permitted stands at least 250 feet from homes or public assembly buildings, may not be set off within 250 feet of a sales site, and sales and use may be suspended by the fire marshal where wildfire danger is high or extreme. Recklessly failing to comply with the fireworks chapter or its regulations is a class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days and $2,000), each day a separate offense. Cities and boroughs may prohibit or regulate fireworks more strictly than the state.

Kidnapping means restraining someone in order to hold them for ransom, use them as a shield or hostage, injure or sexually assault them, terrorize them or another person, interfere with a government function, or help commit a felony or escape, or restraining them by hiding them where they are unlikely to be found or in a way that exposes them to a substantial risk of serious physical injury. Kidnapping is an unclassified felony with a sentence of 5 to 99 years. It is reduced to a class A felony (up to 20 years) if the defendant voluntarily released the victim alive in a safe place before arrest or within 24 hours after arrest, without seriously injuring or sexually assaulting them. A relative who takes a child or incompetent person from the lawful custodian commits custodial interference: a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year), or a class C felony (up to 5 years) if the person is taken or kept out of state.

Threatening someone is mainly charged as assault. Recklessly placing a person in fear of imminent physical injury by words or conduct is assault in the fourth degree, a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year). Recklessly placing a person in fear of imminent serious physical injury with a dangerous instrument, or making repeated threats to kill or seriously injure someone intending to make them fear for themselves or their family, is assault in the third degree, a class C felony (up to 5 years). Terroristic threatening, a threat that a danger to life or property exists that causes fear of serious injury, an evacuation or serious public inconvenience, is a class C felony; sending a real or imitation biological, chemical or radiological substance that causes fear or evacuation is a class B felony (up to 10 years).

Taking or driving someone else's vehicle without any right to do so is vehicle theft. It is vehicle theft in the first degree, a class C felony (up to 5 years), if the vehicle is a car, truck, motorcycle, motor home, bus, aircraft or watercraft, or if another propelled vehicle is damaged by $750 or more, the owner loses $750 or more or loses its use for seven days or more, it is a marked police or emergency vehicle, or the person has a vehicle-theft conviction within the previous seven years. Taking any other propelled vehicle (such as an ATV or snowmachine), or keeping a rental or loaned vehicle unreasonably long past the agreed return time, is vehicle theft in the second degree, a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year).

Buying, receiving, keeping, hiding or disposing of stolen property with reckless disregard that it was stolen is 'theft by receiving,' graded by value like other theft. It is a class B felony (up to 10 years) at $25,000 or more; a class C felony (up to 5 years) at $750 to under $25,000, or if the property is a firearm or explosive, regardless of value; a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year) at $250 to under $750; and a class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days) under $250. Repeat theft convictions can raise lower-value cases to a higher degree.

Alaska has no state law that creates a separate organized retail theft crime. Thefts from stores are charged as ordinary theft, graded by value. When determining the degree of theft, amounts taken in one course of conduct are added together, and the combined value of property taken from one or more people or stores within 180 days may be added together when it is $750 or more but less than $25,000, which makes it a class C felony (up to 5 years).

Alaska grades drug crimes as 'misconduct involving a controlled substance' in six degrees, mainly by the drug schedule rather than weight. First degree, an unclassified felony with 5 to 99 years, covers delivering schedule IA, IIA or IIIA drugs to someone under 19 who is at least three years younger, delivering to a person who is incapacitated or unaware, and running a continuing criminal enterprise. Second degree, a class A felony (up to 20 years), covers making or selling, or possessing with intent to sell, any amount of a schedule IA drug (such as heroin or fentanyl) and making or selling methamphetamine. Third degree, a class B felony (up to 10 years), covers making or selling schedule IIA or IIIA drugs (such as cocaine), and fourth degree, a class C felony (up to 5 years), covers schedule IVA and VA drugs and one ounce or more of schedule VIA substances; the statutes set no weight-based mandatory minimums.

Getting possession of a controlled substance by misrepresentation, fraud, forgery, deception or subterfuge (for example with a forged prescription or by deceiving doctors) is misconduct involving a controlled substance in the fourth degree, a class C felony (up to 5 years and $50,000). The same degree covers knowingly giving false information in records required under the state's controlled substance law, using a fictitious or someone else's registration number, and putting a false or forged label on a container of a controlled substance.

Alaska has no state law that creates a separate vehicular assault crime; injuring someone with a vehicle, including while impaired, is charged under the general assault degrees. Recklessly causing serious physical injury with a dangerous instrument (anything that, as used, is capable of causing death or serious physical injury) is assault in the first degree, a class A felony (up to 20 years); recklessly causing serious physical injury is assault in the second degree, a class B felony (up to 10 years); and recklessly causing physical injury with a dangerous instrument is assault in the third degree, a class C felony (up to 5 years). Driving under the influence itself is a separate class A misdemeanor (a felony after two prior convictions within 10 years).

Alaska's DUI law covers operating a watercraft (and aircraft) as well as a motor vehicle. It is illegal to operate a boat while under the influence of alcohol, an inhalant or a controlled substance, or with a blood or breath alcohol level of 0.08% or more within four hours. A first offense is a class A misdemeanor with at least 72 consecutive hours in jail and a fine of at least $1,500, and minimums rise with each prior conviction (for example 20 days and $3,000 for a second). A third offense within 10 years (two or more prior convictions) is a class C felony with at least 120 days in jail and a $10,000 minimum fine.

Knowingly presenting, or helping prepare, a false or misleading statement to an insurer to support a claim, with intent to defraud, is a fraudulent insurance act graded by the amount sought. It is a class B felony (up to 10 years) at $10,000 or more, a class C felony (up to 5 years) at $500 to under $10,000, and a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year) under $500. Lying on an insurance application is a class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days), and forging an insurance certificate is a class C felony; issuing one is a class B felony. These criminal penalties are in addition to civil penalties under the insurance code.

Knowingly submitting or helping prepare a Medicaid (medical assistance) claim with reckless disregard that it is not owed, or paying or taking kickbacks for referrals, is medical assistance fraud: a class B felony (up to 10 years) at $25,000 or more, a class C felony (up to 5 years) at $500 to under $25,000, and a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year) under $500. Knowingly making a false statement or hiding a material fact to get or increase unemployment benefits is a class B misdemeanor (up to 90 days) for each false statement, and the worker can also be disqualified from benefits for that week plus 6 to 52 more weeks. Misusing or trafficking food stamp (SNAP) benefits is a misdemeanor punishable by up to 1 year and $1,000.

Offering or giving a benefit to a public servant to influence their vote, decision or official action is bribery, a class B felony (up to 10 years); a public servant who asks for or accepts such a benefit commits receiving a bribe, also a class B felony. A public servant who takes an extra payment of $50 or more (or asks for any amount) for an official act commits receiving unlawful gratuities, a class A misdemeanor, and a public servant who witnesses bribery and does not report it commits a class A misdemeanor. Commercial bribery (offering a benefit to an employee, fiduciary or professional to get them to violate their duty) and commercial bribe receiving are class C felonies (up to 5 years).

Willfully attempting to evade any Alaska state tax is a class C felony (up to 5 years), as is willfully failing to collect or pay over a tax a business is required to collect. Willfully failing to pay a tax, file a return, keep records or supply information on time is a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year). Signing a return under penalty of perjury that the person does not believe is true, or helping prepare a fraudulent return, is a felony punishable by up to 3 years and/or a $25,000 fine. These criminal penalties are in addition to the civil penalties in the tax code.

Alaska calls rape 'sexual assault' and grades it in four degrees. First degree is the most serious; for a first felony offense against a victim 13 or older the presumptive sentence is 20 to 30 years (25 to 35 if the offender had a firearm, used a dangerous instrument or caused serious injury), up to 99 years. Second degree, which includes sexual contact by force or threat, sexual penetration of a person who is incapacitated, mentally incapable or unaware, and other penetration without consent not covered by first degree, is a class B felony with a presumptive 5 to 15 years for a first felony. Third degree, which includes non-consensual sexual contact and sexual penetration of people in official custody by correctional, police or probation staff, is a class C felony with a presumptive 2 to 12 years. Fourth degree (certain sexual contact by custodial staff) is a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year). Sex with a minor that is not forced is covered on the age-of-consent page.

Sexual abuse of a minor has four degrees. First degree, an unclassified felony, covers sexual penetration of a child under 13 by someone 16 or older, and penetration of a child by a parent, stepparent or guardian, or by an adult in a position of authority or living in the household with authority over a child under 16; a first felony offense carries a presumptive 25 to 35 years if the child was under 13 (20 to 30 otherwise), up to 99 years. Second degree, a class B felony (presumptive 5 to 15 years), includes penetration of a 13- to 15-year-old by someone 17 or older and at least four years older, and sexual contact with a child under 13. Third degree, sexual contact with a 13- to 15-year-old by someone 17 or older and at least four years older, is a class C felony. Fourth degree is a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year).

Alaska calls this 'child sexual abuse material.' Distributing it, which includes selling, giving, exchanging or placing it on a computer network whether or not for money, is a class B felony (a class A felony with a prior distribution conviction), and possessing 100 or more items is evidence of intent to distribute. Possessing it is sentenced as a sexual felony with a presumptive 2 to 12 years for a first felony offense. Producing such material by using or photographing a child under 18 in sexual conduct is 'unlawful exploitation of a minor,' a class A felony, or an unclassified felony if the child is under 13 or the person has a prior conviction. Sexual felonies can be punished by up to 99 years.

An adult who knowingly communicates with a child under 16, or someone they believe is under 16 (such as an undercover officer), to entice, solicit or encourage the child to engage in sexual conduct commits 'enticement of a minor.' The sexual act does not have to happen. It is a class B felony, sentenced as a sexual felony with a presumptive 5 to 15 years for a first felony offense, and a class A felony if the person was already required to register as a sex offender or child kidnapper.

Sex offenders and child kidnappers physically present in Alaska must register with the Department of Corrections if incarcerated, or in person at the nearest state trooper post or municipal police department, within 30 days before release, by the next working day after conviction if not incarcerated, or by the next working day after arriving in the state. Registration lasts for life for a person convicted of one aggravated sex offense or two or more sex offenses or child kidnappings, and 15 years after unconditional discharge for a single non-aggravated offense (the clock pauses while the person is out of compliance or incarcerated). Knowingly failing to register, to report a change of address, name, email or internet identifier, or to file the annual or quarterly verification is a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year); it is a class C felony (up to 5 years) with a prior failure-to-register conviction or when done to avoid detection while committing a sex offense.

A person convicted of a felony, or adjudicated delinquent as a minor for conduct that would be a felony, may not knowingly possess a firearm that can be concealed on the person (such as a handgun), and may not live in a home with such a firearm without written authorization from a court or the local police chief. A violation is misconduct involving weapons in the third degree, a class C felony (up to 5 years). The ban does not apply if the person was pardoned, the conviction was set aside, or at least 10 years have passed since unconditional discharge and the prior offense was not a crime against a person under AS 11.41.

Knowingly accessing a computer, system or network without the right to do so, or exceeding authorized access, and in doing so obtaining information about a person or proprietary information, inserting false information, introducing a program that tampers with, disrupts, disables or destroys a computer, or encrypting or decrypting data (which covers ransomware-style attacks), is 'criminal use of a computer.' Installing or using a keystroke logger to record another person's entries is also covered. Criminal use of a computer is a class C felony (up to 5 years and $50,000).

Alaska is a one-party consent state. The eavesdropping law forbids using a device to hear or record an oral conversation, in person, by telephone or otherwise, without the consent of a party to the conversation, so a participant may record their own conversation. Someone who is not authorized by a party may not intercept a private communication or disclose its contents, and no one may use or publish information they know was obtained by illegal eavesdropping. A violation is a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year and $25,000).

Knowingly making a false report to a peace officer that a crime happened or is about to happen, giving false information to implicate someone else, lying about one's identity while under arrest or investigation, or falsely reporting a fire or other emergency that calls for an emergency response is 'false information or report,' a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year). A false threat that a dangerous situation exists that causes fear of serious injury, an evacuation or emergency protocol, or serious public inconvenience (as in 'swatting' or bomb hoaxes) is terroristic threatening in the second degree, a class C felony (up to 5 years).

Alaska has no separate hate crime offense in the sections reviewed, but bias is a sentencing aggravating factor. If the defendant knowingly directed the crime at a victim because of the person's race, sex, color, creed, physical or mental disability, ancestry or national origin, the judge may increase the prison term above the presumptive range, up to the maximum for the offense. Sexual orientation and gender identity are not listed in this factor.

Alaska still has parole, decided by the Board of Parole. A parolee may be arrested with or without a warrant for a parole violation and is not entitled to bail. Within 15 working days of arrest, the board or its designee holds a preliminary hearing on probable cause and decides whether to release the parolee pending a final hearing (no release if the violation involved domestic violence); the preliminary hearing can be skipped if the final hearing is held within 20 working days. The final revocation hearing must be held within 120 days of arrest, the violation must be proved by a preponderance of the evidence, and the board may revoke all or part of the remaining parole or change the conditions. Time spent in custody awaiting revocation counts toward the unexpired sentence.

Knowingly violating a domestic violence protective order (or attempting to), with reckless disregard that the act violates the order's protective provisions, or violating a stalking or sexual assault protective order or a vulnerable-adult protective order, is the crime of 'violating a protective order,' a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year and $25,000). Having a deadly or defensive weapon while communicating in person with the protected person in violation of the order is misconduct involving weapons in the third degree, a class C felony (up to 5 years). The statute sets no higher grade for repeat violations.

A minor 16 or older is automatically prosecuted as an adult when charged with an unclassified or class A felony against a person, first-degree arson, certain class B felonies against a person using a deadly weapon by a minor with a prior deadly-weapon offense, or certain first-degree weapons offenses; if convicted only of a lesser offense, the minor may try to prove they can be treated in the juvenile system. For other cases, the juvenile court may waive jurisdiction after a hearing if it finds probable cause and that the minor cannot be rehabilitated before age 20; the state must prove this by a preponderance of the evidence, except that a minor accused of an unclassified or class A felony against a person is presumed not amenable and must prove otherwise. Once waived, the minor is prosecuted and sentenced as an adult.

Alaska does not have the death penalty. Alaska's sentencing chapter (AS 12.55) authorizes no death sentence; the most serious crime, first-degree murder, is punished by a definite term of imprisonment of at least 30 years but not more than 99 years, and by a mandatory term of 99 years in listed cases, such as the murder of a uniformed or clearly identified peace officer, firefighter or correctional employee on duty, a prior murder conviction, substantial physical torture of the victim, or a murder during a robbery.

In Alaska, a person convicted of a felony involving moral turpitude under state or federal law may not vote in a state, federal or municipal election from the date of the conviction through the date of the person's unconditional discharge, meaning release from all disability arising under the sentence, including probation and parole. On unconditional discharge the person may register to vote again; no waiting period or separate application is required beyond registering. 'Felony involving moral turpitude' is defined broadly to include crimes such as murder, assault, sexual assault, robbery, burglary, theft, forgery, arson, criminal mischief and misconduct involving a controlled substance.

Most Alaska civil rights return automatically at 'unconditional discharge', when the person is released from all disability under the sentence, including probation and parole. Voting: a person disqualified for a felony involving moral turpitude may register again on unconditional discharge, and the commissioner of corrections must set procedures to advise discharged people of registration requirements. Jury service: a person convicted of a felony is disqualified from serving as a juror until unconditional discharge. Firearms: the ban on possessing a concealable firearm after a felony does not apply if the person received a pardon, the conviction was set aside, or 10 years or more have passed since unconditional discharge and the prior conviction was not for a crime against the person under AS 11.41 (or a similar law elsewhere).

Alaska's 'three strikes' rule: a defendant convicted of an unclassified or class A felony who has been previously convicted of two or more 'most serious felonies' must be sentenced to a definite term of 99 years, which cannot be suspended. 'Most serious felony' means first-degree arson, first-degree sex trafficking under AS 11.66.110(a)(2), enticement of a minor under AS 11.41.452(e), any unclassified or class A felony in AS 11.41 (crimes against the person), or an attempt, conspiracy or solicitation of an unclassified AS 11.41 felony; each prior conviction must come before the next offense was committed. Separately, presumptive ranges rise with prior felonies: for a class A felony, 10 to 14 years for a second felony conviction and 15 to 20 years for a third; for a class B felony, 3 to 7 and 6 to 10 years; for a class C felony, 2 to 4 and 3 to 5 years.

Alaska does not allow hemp-derived intoxicating THC products to be sold to consumers. Under the Division of Agriculture's industrial hemp regulations (effective November 3, 2023), any hemp product for human or animal consumption must be endorsed by the division before sale, and the division may not endorse a product that contains delta-9-THC or a non-naturally occurring cannabinoid, including one made from a hemp extract and modified beyond its original form. The division's January 31, 2025 advisory notice lists delta-8, delta-10, delta-6, THCA, THCV, THCP and HHC products sourced from hemp, and delta-9 THC even below 0.3%, as prohibited; it can issue notices of violation, civil fines and stop orders, seize products and refer violations for criminal prosecution. The notice also states that delivering or possessing with intent to deliver delta-9 THCA without a Marijuana Control Board license is a controlled substance crime (a class C felony for one ounce or more, a class A misdemeanor for any amount).

Psilocybin and psilocyn are schedule IIA controlled substances in Alaska. Possessing any amount is misconduct involving a controlled substance in the fifth degree, a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year in jail); a repeat possession conviction within 10 years is fourth-degree misconduct, a class C felony (up to 5 years). Manufacturing or delivering any amount, or possessing it with intent to do so, is third-degree misconduct, a class B felony (up to 10 years), as is possessing it within 500 feet of school grounds or a youth center or on a school bus. No licensed psilocybin program or decriminalization appears in AS 11.71.

Kratom is not a controlled substance in Alaska: neither kratom nor its alkaloids mitragynine or 7-hydroxymitragynine is listed in Alaska's controlled-substance schedules (schedules IA through VIA in AS 11.71).

Hemp CBD products are legal in Alaska only if they contain no delta-9-THC and are endorsed by the Division of Agriculture. The division's notice lists CBD isolate, CBG isolate and broad-spectrum products with the THC removed (shown on the final certificate of analysis) as permitted for sale once endorsed. Anyone selling hemp products to consumers must hold a retailer registration with the division, and unendorsed products must be taken off shelves. Products made only from hemp seeds, which contain no CBD or THC, may be sold without an endorsement.

The Alaska Department of Health's tobacco enforcement page tells retailers that the minimum age to buy tobacco products, electronic smoking devices and products containing nicotine is 21, and that it is unlawful for a retailer to sell them to anyone younger than 21 under the federal Tobacco 21 law, which the FDA enforces. The page says retailers who violate the law can be fined and, if convicted, have their authorization to sell suspended.

Alaska's crime of endangering the welfare of a vulnerable adult covers people 18 or older who, because of incapacity, illness, disability, advanced age or similar reasons, cannot meet their own needs or seek help (there is no separate age threshold). Second degree: failing without lawful excuse to provide support (food, care, clothing, shelter, medical attention) to a vulnerable adult in the person's care by contract, by law, or in a state-licensed facility or program, a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year). First degree: intentionally abandoning such a vulnerable adult under circumstances creating a substantial risk of physical injury, or a second-degree violation that causes serious physical injury, a class C felony (up to 5 years). Physical assaults on vulnerable adults are charged under the general assault statutes.

Alaska's voyeurism crime is 'indecent viewing or production of a picture': knowingly viewing, or producing a picture of, the private exposure of another person's genitals, anus or female breast, where the person reasonably believed they would not be viewed or recorded; each viewing or picture is a separate violation. Viewing an adult is a class A misdemeanor (up to 1 year); producing a picture of an adult or viewing a minor is a class C felony (up to 5 years); producing a picture of a minor is a class B felony (up to 10 years). The felony grades (class B and C) are sex offenses that require sex offender registration.

Alaska has no separate crime of assaulting a police officer; the general assault statutes apply, with tougher sentences when the victim is an on-duty officer or responder. For fourth-degree assault (a class A misdemeanor, up to 1 year) knowingly directed at a uniformed or clearly identified peace officer, firefighter, correctional employee, EMT, paramedic, ambulance attendant, other emergency responder or medical professional on duty, the minimum jail term is 60 days for causing injury (or for first-degree harassment under AS 11.61.118) and 30 days for placing the person in fear of injury. For a first class A felony conviction, the presumptive range rises from 4-7 years to 7-11 years when the conduct was knowingly directed at such an on-duty officer or responder, and murdering an on-duty peace officer, firefighter or correctional employee carries a mandatory 99 years.