Virginia Privacy, Guests & Animal Rules
Virginia rules on privacy, guests & animals for renters and landlords, with the statute or official page behind each answer. Last verified: 2026-10-22.
Short answer: No landlord camera statute. It is a Class 1 misdemeanor (Class 6 felony if the person is under 18) to knowingly create a video or still image of a nonconsenting person who is nude, in undergarments or undressed in a restroom, dressing room, locker room, hotel room, bedroom or other… Va. Code § 18.2-386.1; § 19.2-62(B)(2); § 55.1-1229(D)
The rules in Virginia
| Cameras & privacy | No landlord camera statute. It is a Class 1 misdemeanor (Class 6 felony if the person is under 18) to knowingly create a video or still image of a nonconsenting person who is nude, in undergarments or undressed in a restroom, dressing room, locker room, hotel room, bedroom or other location where the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy. Virginia is a one-party consent state for audio interception. Tenants may install their own security systems (such as landlord-approved chain latches) subject to statutory conditions. § 18.2-386.1 was amended in 2026 (2026, c. 539). Interception statute: https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title19.2/chapter6/section19.2-62/. Landlord entry generally requires 72 hours' notice for routine maintenance not requested by the tenant (§ 55.1-1229). |
|---|---|
| Guests & occupants | Statutory definitions: an 'authorized occupant' lives in the unit with the landlord's consent but has not signed the lease and has no tenant financial obligations; a 'guest or invitee' has the tenant's permission to visit but not to occupy. No statewide occupancy limit; the lease governs. The tenant is responsible for the conduct of persons on the premises with the tenant's consent. A landlord may bar a guest or invitee from the property by written notice personally served for conduct that violates the lease or law (copy to the tenant), and may seek a trespass warrant; the tenant may challenge the bar by a tenant's assertion in general district court. |
| Service & support animals (state law) | A person with a disability who keeps an assistance animal must follow lease rules that apply to all residents (if they do not interfere with equal use), may not be charged a pet fee, pet deposit or additional rent for the animal, but is responsible for physical damage to the same extent pet owners are. If the disability and need are obvious or known, the housing provider may not ask for more verification; otherwise it may request reliable documentation of the disability and the disability-related need, including from anyone with a 'therapeutic relationship' with the person (licensed mental health providers, licensed disability service providers, certain peer support persons, caregivers or government entities with actual knowledge). Providing fraudulent supporting documentation is a prohibited practice under the Virginia Consumer Protection Act. Amended in 2023 (2023, c. 439). The statute penalizes fraudulent documentation by providers; it does not create a separate penalty for tenants misrepresenting an animal. Source: Va. Code § 36-96.3:1 |
Related questions
- Can a landlord put cameras in or around a rental?
- Can a landlord limit overnight guests or roommates?
- Can a landlord deny a service or emotional support animal?
Virginia vs. neighboring states
| State | Cameras & privacy | Guests & occupants | Service & support animals (state law) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Virginia | No landlord camera statute. It is a Class 1 misdemeanor (Class 6 felony if the person is under 18) to knowingly create a video or still image of a nonconsenting person who is nude, in undergarments or undressed in a restroom, dressing room, locker room, hotel room, bedroom or other location where the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy. Virginia is a one-party consent state for audio interception. Tenants may install their own security systems (such as landlord-approved chain latches) subject to statutory conditions. Va. Code § 18.2-386.1; § 19.2-62(B)(2); § 55.1-1229(D) | Statutory definitions: an 'authorized occupant' lives in the unit with the landlord's consent but has not signed the lease and has no tenant financial obligations; a 'guest or invitee' has the tenant's permission to visit but not to occupy. No statewide occupancy limit; the lease governs. The tenant is responsible for the conduct of persons on the premises with the tenant's consent. A landlord may bar a guest or invitee from the property by written notice personally served for conduct that violates the lease or law (copy to the tenant), and may seek a trespass warrant; the tenant may challenge the bar by a tenant's assertion in general district court. Va. Code § 55.1-1200; § 55.1-1227(A)(12); § 55.1-1246 | A person with a disability who keeps an assistance animal must follow lease rules that apply to all residents (if they do not interfere with equal use), may not be charged a pet fee, pet deposit or additional rent for the animal, but is responsible for physical damage to the same extent pet owners are. If the disability and need are obvious or known, the housing provider may not ask for more verification; otherwise it may request reliable documentation of the disability and the disability-related need, including from anyone with a 'therapeutic relationship' with the person (licensed mental health providers, licensed disability service providers, certain peer support persons, caregivers or government entities with actual knowledge). Providing fraudulent supporting documentation is a prohibited practice under the Virginia Consumer Protection Act. Va. Code § 36-96.3:1 |
| Kentucky | No landlord-specific statute. Using a camera or other recording device (or entering or remaining unlawfully on another's premises) to view or record another person's sexual conduct, genitals, undergarments not publicly visible, or female nipple without consent, where the person reasonably expects not to be observed, is voyeurism (Class A misdemeanor). Using a device to overhear or record others' oral or wire communications without the consent of at least one party is eavesdropping (Class D felony). In URLTA areas, landlords must give at least two days' notice before entry (except emergencies or impracticability), enter at reasonable times, and not use access to harass. KRS 531.090; KRS 526.010, 526.020; KRS 383.615 | No statute — the lease and reasonable landlord rules govern guests, occupancy, and roommates. In URLTA areas, tenants must require people on the premises with their consent to not disturb neighbors, and landlord rules on use and occupancy are enforceable only if they meet the statute's conditions (for example, a purpose of promoting tenants' convenience, safety, or welfare or protecting the property). KRS 383.605(7); KRS 383.610 | Kentucky's assistance-animal law (statewide) covers service animals and emotional support animals. Unless the disability or need is readily apparent, a housing provider may ask for reliable documentation, including from a provider with whom the person has a therapeutic relationship — a Kentucky-licensed clinical social worker, professional counselor, APRN, psychologist, or physician with an active in-state practice (or an out-of-state provider for people moving in with an ongoing relationship); providers whose primary service is selling accommodation letters do not qualify. The provider may independently verify documents. No pet fee, pet deposit, or extra rent may be charged, but the tenant is responsible for physical damage if pet owners would be, and must follow rules that apply to all residents. Landlords are not liable for injuries caused by a permitted assistance animal. Knowingly misrepresenting a disability or need, providing false documents, or fitting a pet with an assistance-animal vest for housing is a violation with a fine up to $1,000. KRS 383.085 |
| Maryland | No landlord-specific statute, but strong criminal rules apply. A person may not place a camera on real property where a private residence is located to deliberately and secretly observe someone inside the residence. It is not a defense that the defendant owns the residence. Exceptions include cameras placed with an adult resident's consent and cameras without intent to secretly observe people inside. Violations are a misdemeanor (up to 1 year and/or $2,500) and give the person observed a civil claim for damages and attorney fees. Secret surveillance with prurient intent in a private place such as a bedroom or bathroom is separately a crime. Recording private conversations generally requires the consent of ALL parties. Md. Code, Crim. Law § 3-903; § 3-902; Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 10-402(c)(3) | No statute — the lease governs guests, occupancy limits and roommates. Maryland's landlord-tenant title doesn't define guest versus tenant or give roommate rights. Fair housing law bars discrimination based on familial status and marital status. Md. Code, Real Prop. Title 8, Subtitles 1-4 (checked); State Gov't § 20-705 | A person with a disability (or a parent of a minor child with a disability) who has or wants a service animal is entitled to full and equal access to housing, and cannot be charged extra for the service animal. The tenant may be liable for damage the animal causes. State law defines 'service animal' as an animal individually trained to do work or tasks for a person with a disability. State fair housing law also bans disability discrimination in rentals. No state statute sets documentation rules for emotional support animals or penalizes misrepresenting an animal. Md. Code, Human Servs. §§ 7-701(g), 7-704(c); State Gov't § 20-705 |
| North Carolina | No landlord-specific camera statute. Secretly peeping into a room occupied by another person (including a bedroom, bathroom, or shower) is a Class 1 misdemeanor; doing so while possessing an image-capturing device with intent to make an image is a Class A1 misdemeanor; and secretly using a device to photograph a person in such a room for sexual gratification is a Class I felony. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-202 | No statute — lease governs guests and occupants. The tenant may not knowingly permit any person to damage the premises. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 42-43(a)(4) | A person with a disability may keep a service animal trained to assist with the person's specific disability on any premises the person leases or rents, upon showing a state service-animal registration tag or that the animal is being or has been trained as a service animal. No extra compensation may be charged for the animal, but the person is liable for damage it causes. Disguising an animal as a service animal, or charging a fee for a service animal, is a Class 3 misdemeanor. No state statute sets emotional support animal documentation rules. N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 168-4.2(a), 168-4.4, 168-4.5, 168-9 |
| Tennessee | No landlord-specific statute. Unlawful photography: it is an offense to knowingly photograph (including by video) a person who has a reasonable expectation of privacy, without prior effective consent, if the image would offend or embarrass an ordinary person and was taken for sexual gratification, or includes the person's unclothed intimate areas or sexual activity. Tennessee is a one-party consent state for audio interception. Tenants may not unreasonably refuse landlord entry for inspection or repairs; entry without consent is allowed in an emergency. T.C.A. § 39-13-605; § 39-13-601(b)(5); § 66-28-403 | No statute — no statewide occupancy limit or guest rule; the lease governs. The tenant must require other persons on the premises with the tenant's or other occupants' consent to act so as not to disturb neighbors, and may not let anyone damage the premises. In URLTA counties, an unauthorized occupant who refuses to leave is grounds for termination on 3 days' written notice. T.C.A. § 66-28-401(4)-(5); § 66-28-517(a) | A tenant or applicant with a disability may request an exception to a no-pet policy or pet fees for a service animal (trained dog or miniature horse) or support animal (prescribed or recommended by a health care provider, including for emotional support). If the disability is not apparent, the landlord may request reliable documentation of the disability and the disability-related need; if the disability is apparent but the need is not, only of the need. 'Reliable documentation' must come from a health care provider, licensed disability service provider, caregiver or other reliable third party with actual knowledge — not from a website whose main function is selling animal certificates or registrations. The landlord may verify documentation (but not obtain protected medical records) and may deny the request if accurate documentation is not provided. Misrepresenting a disability or need, or providing documentation falsely stating an animal is a service or support animal, is a material default allowing termination and recovery of damages and attorney's fees. Landlords are not liable for injuries caused by an animal permitted as a reasonable accommodation. T.C.A. § 66-7-111 |
| West Virginia | No landlord-specific statute. Criminal invasion of privacy: knowingly photographing, filming or digitally recording another person without that person's knowledge while the person is fully or partially nude in a place where a reasonable person would expect privacy is a misdemeanor (up to 1 year and $5,000); a second offense is a felony. West Virginia is a one-party consent state for audio interception. W. Va. Code § 61-8-28; § 62-1D-3(e) | No statute — no statewide occupancy limit or guest rule; the lease governs. The landlord's code-compliance and repair duties do not cover problems caused by a member of the tenant's family or other person on the premises with the tenant's consent. Since 2024, a 'squatter' (a person occupying a unit without a rental agreement and without the tenant's authorization) is not covered by the landlord-tenant article, and courts may not require eviction proceedings to remove one. W. Va. Code § 37-6-30(a)(2), (4); § 37-6-31 | Not verified yet |
| District of Columbia | No landlord-specific statute. It is a crime to install or maintain a peephole, mirror or any electronic device to secretly observe someone using a bathroom, undressing or engaged in sexual activity, or to record such a person without express and informed consent where they expect privacy. Intercepting oral or wire communications is illegal unless the person is a party or one party consents. Bathrooms and bedrooms must be private under the Housing Code. Outside emergencies, the landlord must give reasonable notice (48 hours unless the lease says otherwise or the tenant agrees) before entering. D.C. Code §§ 22-3531, 23-542; D.C. Code § 42-3505.51; D.C. Tenant Bill of Rights § 7 | No guest-versus-tenant statute — the lease governs guests and roommates. The Housing Code sets space-based occupancy standards: every bedroom must have at least 70 square feet, and a bedroom used by more than one person must have at least 50 square feet per occupant. D.C. Housing Code (14 DCMR), as summarized by the Department of Buildings | No D.C. statute specifically on service or emotional support animal documentation, misrepresentation penalties or pet-fee limits in housing. Requests to keep an assistance animal are reasonable-accommodation requests under the D.C. Human Rights Act's ban on disability discrimination in housing and the federal Fair Housing Act. D.C. Code § 2-1402.21 |
City rules that may add to state law
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Virginia Privacy, Guests & Animal Rules FAQ
Can a landlord put cameras in or around a rental in Virginia?
No landlord camera statute. It is a Class 1 misdemeanor (Class 6 felony if the person is under 18) to knowingly create a video or still image of a nonconsenting person who is nude, in undergarments or undressed in a restroom, dressing room, locker room, hotel room, bedroom or other location where the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy. Virginia is a one-party consent state for audio interception. Tenants may install their own security systems (such as landlord-approved chain latches) subject to statutory conditions. (Va. Code § 18.2-386.1; § 19.2-62(B)(2); § 55.1-1229(D))
Can a landlord limit guests or roommates in Virginia?
Statutory definitions: an 'authorized occupant' lives in the unit with the landlord's consent but has not signed the lease and has no tenant financial obligations; a 'guest or invitee' has the tenant's permission to visit but not to occupy. No statewide occupancy limit; the lease governs. The tenant is responsible for the conduct of persons on the premises with the tenant's consent. A landlord may bar a guest or invitee from the property by written notice personally served for conduct that violates the lease or law (copy to the tenant), and may seek a trespass warrant; the tenant may challenge the bar by a tenant's assertion in general district court. (Va. Code § 55.1-1200; § 55.1-1227(A)(12); § 55.1-1246)
Can a landlord deny a service or emotional support animal in Virginia?
A person with a disability who keeps an assistance animal must follow lease rules that apply to all residents (if they do not interfere with equal use), may not be charged a pet fee, pet deposit or additional rent for the animal, but is responsible for physical damage to the same extent pet owners are. If the disability and need are obvious or known, the housing provider may not ask for more verification; otherwise it may request reliable documentation of the disability and the disability-related need, including from anyone with a 'therapeutic relationship' with the person (licensed mental health providers, licensed disability service providers, certain peer support persons, caregivers or government entities with actual knowledge). Providing fraudulent supporting documentation is a prohibited practice under the Virginia Consumer Protection Act. (Va. Code § 36-96.3:1)
General legal information, not legal advice. Laws change and local rules can differ; check the linked official source or talk to a lawyer about your situation.