Virginia Eviction Laws
Virginia rules on eviction for renters and landlords, with the statute or official page behind each answer. Last verified: 2026-10-22.
Short answer: 14-day written pay-or-quit notice. Va. Code 55.1-1245(F)
The rules in Virginia
| Notice for unpaid rent | 14-day written pay-or-quit notice. Amended 2025 cc. 684, 688 and 2026 cc. 353, 354, 844. A version effective July 1, 2027 (2026 c. 1105) will require landlords owning more than four units (or >10% interest in more than four) to offer a payment plan (lesser of six months or the remaining lease term) for arrears up to one month's rent plus late charges; the tenant then has 14 days to pay in full or enter the plan. Tenants may redeem by paying the full balance by the return date, and after judgment up to 48 hours before the scheduled eviction (55.1-1250). Source: Va. Code 55.1-1245(F) |
|---|---|
| Notice for lease violations | Remediable breach: 21 days to remedy, lease terminates not less than 30 days after notice if not remedied. Non-remediable breach: termination not less than 30 days after notice; immediate termination for non-remediable criminal or willful acts threatening health or safety. Repeat breach of like nature: 30-day termination notice without cure. Source: Va. Code 55.1-1245(A)-(E) |
| Lockouts & utility shutoffs | Willful unlawful removal/exclusion of a tenant or interruption of an essential service without court authority: tenant may recover actual damages plus statutory damages of $5,000 or four months' rent, whichever is greater, and reasonable attorney fees; court may order return to the unit and restoration of services. Enacted 2021 Sp. Sess. I, cc. 403, 404. Source: Va. Code 55.1-1243.1 |
How an eviction case works in Virginia
Eviction cases are heard in: General District Court (unlawful detainer).
- Written termination notice (14-day pay-or-quit for nonpayment; 21/30-day or 30-day notice for breach)
- File unlawful detainer (sworn statement) with the general district court; summons served at least 10 days before the return date
- Initial hearing (return date) as soon as practicable, no more than 21 days after filing (no later than 30 days); tenant may redeem by paying the full balance by the return date
- Judgment for possession
- Writ of eviction requested within 180 days of judgment; writ vacated if not executed within 30 days of issuance
- Sheriff serves notice at least 72 hours before executing the writ; tenant may cancel the eviction by paying the full balance at least 48 hours before the scheduled eviction
Landlords: how to evict a tenant in Virginia — steps, costs, timeline and forms.
Eviction court and fees by county
- Fairfax County
- Arlington County
- Virginia Beach
- Richmond
- Norfolk
- Henrico County
- Alexandria
- Prince William County
- Newport News
- Chesterfield County
- Loudoun County
- Hampton
- Chesapeake city
- Roanoke (independent city)
- Portsmouth
- Montgomery County
- Albemarle County
- Lynchburg city
Free calculators
- Notice Deadline Calculator — Enter the date a notice was delivered and see the date it runs out under your state's law.
Templates
Related questions
- Can a landlord evict you without going to court, change the locks or shut off utilities?
- How long does an eviction take?
- How much notice does a landlord have to give before an eviction?
Virginia vs. neighboring states
| State | Notice for unpaid rent | Notice for lease violations | Lockouts & utility shutoffs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Virginia | 14-day written pay-or-quit notice. Va. Code 55.1-1245(F) | Remediable breach: 21 days to remedy, lease terminates not less than 30 days after notice if not remedied. Non-remediable breach: termination not less than 30 days after notice; immediate termination for non-remediable criminal or willful acts threatening health or safety. Repeat breach of like nature: 30-day termination notice without cure. Va. Code 55.1-1245(A)-(E) | Willful unlawful removal/exclusion of a tenant or interruption of an essential service without court authority: tenant may recover actual damages plus statutory damages of $5,000 or four months' rent, whichever is greater, and reasonable attorney fees; court may order return to the unit and restoration of services. Va. Code 55.1-1243.1 |
| Kentucky | URLTA areas: 7 days' written notice to pay or the lease terminates. Non-URLTA areas: no statutory pre-filing notice period for nonpayment was found; terms are governed by the lease. KRS 383.660(2) | URLTA areas: written notice specifying the breach; lease terminates on a date at least 14 days after receipt if not remedied (statute says 'remedied in fifteen (15) days'). A repeat within 6 months allows termination on 14 days' notice without cure. Non-URLTA areas: no statute. KRS 383.660(1) | URLTA areas: if the landlord unlawfully removes or excludes the tenant or willfully interrupts heat, water, hot water, electric, gas or other essential service, the tenant may recover possession or terminate and recover up to 3 months' rent plus reasonable attorney fees. Statewide: a landlord's entry on the possession of a tenant at will or by sufferance is a forcible entry, remediable through a forcible entry and detainer action in District Court. KRS 383.655; KRS 383.200(2)(b), 383.210 |
| Maryland | Before filing a failure-to-pay-rent case, the landlord must give the tenant written notice of intent to file (Maryland Judiciary form DC-CV-115) giving the tenant 10 days to pay. Notice may be sent by first-class mail with certificate of mailing, affixed to the door, or (if the tenant elected it) by email, text, or tenant portal with proof of transmission. The complaint must state the date notice was given. Md. Code, Real Prop. § 8-401(c) | 30 days' written notice that the tenant is in violation of the lease and that the landlord wants to repossess; 14 days' written notice if the breach involves behavior showing a clear and imminent danger of serious harm. The court may evict only if it finds the breach was substantial and warrants eviction. Md. Code, Real Prop. § 8-402.1(a)(1), (b)(1) | Prohibited. A landlord may not take or threaten to take possession by locking out the tenant, willfully cutting heat, running water, hot water, electricity, or gas to force the tenant out, or by any other action. Possession may be taken only under a court warrant of restitution executed by a sheriff or constable, or after abandonment/surrender. Remedy: actual damages plus reasonable attorney's fees and costs; other remedies also available. Md. Code, Real Prop. § 8-216 |
| North Carolina | If the lease has no forfeiture (re-entry) clause for nonpayment, the landlord must make a demand for all past-due rent and wait 10 days before the term is forfeited. If the lease has such a clause, the statute requires no pre-filing notice. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 42-3; § 42-26(a)(2) | No statutory cure or notice period. Eviction for a lease violation is allowed only if the lease provides that the tenant's estate ends (forfeiture/re-entry clause) on that breach. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 42-26(a)(2) | Residential tenants may be removed only through the court summary ejectment process; actual or constructive removal (e.g., lockouts, utility cutoffs) is prohibited. Tenant may recover possession or terminate the lease, plus actual damages (no punitive or treble damages). N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 42-25.6, 42-25.9(a) |
| Tennessee | 14 days. URLTA counties: written notice that the lease will end unless the rent is paid within 14 days after the tenant receives the notice. The tenant can cure by paying. Notice may be waived only by a waiver in 12-point or larger bold type in the lease, and the 5-day late-fee grace period still applies. Non-URLTA counties: 14 days' notice for rent that is due and in arrears, upon demand. The lease does not end if the tenant pays before the date in the notice. T.C.A. 66-28-505(a)(2), (b); 66-28-201(c); 66-7-109(a) | URLTA counties: (1) a breach that can be fixed by paying money or repairs: 14 days to cure, or the lease ends; (2) any other material breach: termination no less than 14 days after the tenant receives notice; (3) the same breach again within 6 months: 7 days' written notice; (4) violent acts, real and present danger, hazardous or unsanitary conditions, or an unauthorized occupant who refuses to leave: termination 3 days after the tenant receives written notice. Non-URLTA counties: 14 days for damage beyond normal wear and tear (curable) or for violent or dangerous behavior; 30 days for all other lease defaults; 3 days for violent acts, drug-related criminal activity, or dangerous behavior (except tenants who are mentally or physically disabled). T.C.A. 66-28-505(a); 66-28-517(a); 66-7-109(a), (b), (d) | URLTA counties: if a landlord unlawfully removes or excludes the tenant, or willfully cuts essential services required by the lease, the tenant may recover possession or end the lease. In either case the tenant may recover actual damages, punitive damages when appropriate, and reasonable attorney's fees. If the lease ends, the landlord must return all prepaid rent and deposits. All counties: a person may enter and take possession of property only where the law gives a right of entry, and then only peaceably. Entering a home occupied by another and holding it by force, threats or intimidation, removing the occupant's belongings, or entering peaceably and then keeping the occupant out by force or terror is a forcible entry and detainer. Outside URLTA counties, no statute sets a specific damages remedy for a lockout or utility shutoff. T.C.A. 66-28-504; 66-28-517(d); 29-18-101 to 29-18-103 |
| West Virginia | No pre-filing notice required by statute. Landlord may file a verified petition for summary relief for rent arrears directly in magistrate or circuit court. W. Va. Code § 55-3A-1(a) | No pre-filing notice required by statute for summary relief based on breach of a warranty or leasehold covenant, or on deliberate/negligent damage to the property. W. Va. Code § 55-3A-1(a) | Not verified yet |
| District of Columbia | At least 10 days' written notice of intent to file before filing a nonpayment eviction, on the statutory form (amount owed, ledger, right to cure, tenant-help phone numbers), sent by certified/tracked mail plus hand delivery or posting. No eviction case may be filed if less than $600 is owed, and no eviction for unpaid late fees. D.C. Code §§ 42-3505.01(a)(1), (a-1); 16-1501 | 30-day notice to correct or vacate; the landlord can recover possession only if the tenant fails to correct the violation within 30 days after receiving notice. Illegal-act cases: 30-day notice to vacate after a court finding; for complaints filed after Dec. 31, 2025 involving a dangerous crime or crime of violence, 10-day notice to vacate with no cure and an expedited hearing within 20 days of filing. D.C. Code § 42-3505.01(b), (c) | Self-help eviction is prohibited: landlord may not cut off utilities or change the locks to evict. Any eviction must follow a court order after the notice to vacate expires and be scheduled and supervised by the U.S. Marshals Service. D.C. Code §§ 42-3505.01, 42-3505.01a, 16-1501 (as summarized in OTA Tenant Bill of Rights) |
City rules that may add to state law
More Virginia rental law
- Virginia Security Deposit Law
- Virginia Notice to Vacate Rules
- Landlord Entry Rules in Virginia
- Virginia Repairs & Tenant Remedies
- Virginia Rent Increase & Late Fee Laws
- Breaking a Lease in Virginia
- Squatters' Rights in Virginia
- Virginia Rental Fee Rules
- Virginia Section 8, Records & Right to Counsel
- Virginia Mold, Pests, Heat & AC Rules
- Virginia Privacy, Guests & Animal Rules
- Virginia Landlord Selling the House
- Virginia Lockouts, Utility Shutoffs & Retaliation
- Virginia Subletting, Lease Endings & Tenant Death
- All Virginia landlord-tenant rules
- Free legal help in Virginia
Compare eviction in all 50 states and DC →
Virginia Eviction Laws FAQ
How much notice does a landlord have to give before evicting for unpaid rent in Virginia?
14-day written pay-or-quit notice. (Va. Code 55.1-1245(F))
How much notice is required to evict for a lease violation in Virginia?
Remediable breach: 21 days to remedy, lease terminates not less than 30 days after notice if not remedied. Non-remediable breach: termination not less than 30 days after notice; immediate termination for non-remediable criminal or willful acts threatening health or safety. Repeat breach of like nature: 30-day termination notice without cure. (Va. Code 55.1-1245(A)-(E))
Can a landlord change the locks or shut off utilities in Virginia?
Willful unlawful removal/exclusion of a tenant or interruption of an essential service without court authority: tenant may recover actual damages plus statutory damages of $5,000 or four months' rent, whichever is greater, and reasonable attorney fees; court may order return to the unit and restoration of services. (Va. Code 55.1-1243.1)
General legal information, not legal advice. Laws change and local rules can differ; check the linked official source or talk to a lawyer about your situation.