Question 1

How much can a landlord charge for a security deposit in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

No statewide cap on the amount of a security deposit. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.178)

Question 2

How long does a landlord have to return a security deposit in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Within three weeks after the tenancy ends (and after the landlord receives the tenant's mailing address or delivery instructions), return the deposit with interest or give a written statement of reasons for withholding. Within 5 days if the tenant must leave because the building is legally condemned (unless the tenant's own willful, malicious, or irresponsible conduct caused it).
Minn. Stat. § 504B.178, subd. 3

Question 3

Does a landlord have to pay interest on a security deposit in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Yes. 1% per year simple, noncompounded interest, from the first day of the month after full payment of the deposit until the last day of the month the landlord complies with the return/statement requirement. Interest amounts under $1 are excluded. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.178, subd. 2)

Question 4

Does a landlord in Minnesota have to give an itemized list of deposit deductions?

Accepted Answer

If any amount is withheld, the landlord must give a written statement showing the specific reason for the withholding. Deductions are limited to amounts reasonably necessary to cover rent or other payment defaults by the tenant, or to restore the unit to its move-in condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.178, subd. 3)

Question 5

What happens if a landlord in Minnesota wrongfully keeps a security deposit?

Accepted Answer

If the landlord fails to provide the written statement on time (or fails to do the required inspections when requested), the landlord owes the amount withheld plus interest as a penalty, in addition to returning the wrongfully withheld amount with interest (effectively double). Bad-faith retention adds punitive damages of up to $500 per deposit. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.178, subds. 4 and 7)

Question 6

How much notice does a landlord have to give before evicting for unpaid rent in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Before filing an eviction for nonpayment of rent (residential), the landlord must deliver a written notice giving the tenant 14 days to pay. The notice must state the total due, an itemized accounting (rent, late fees, other charges), who is authorized to receive payment and where, and required statements about legal help and rental assistance. Delivery is personal or by first-class mail to the rental address.
Minn. Stat. § 504B.321, subd. 1a

Question 7

How much notice is required to evict for a lease violation in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

No statutory notice or cure period. If the tenant has breached lease terms not involving rent or another financial obligation, the landlord generally does not have to give notice before filing, unless the lease requires notice. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.285, subd. 1)

Question 8

How much notice is needed to end a month-to-month lease in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Either party may end a tenancy at will with written notice at least as long as the interval between rent payments, or three months, whichever is less. For a monthly tenancy, that means at least one full rental period. The AG handbook and Judicial Branch describe this as one full rental period plus one day (e.g., notice by May 31 to leave at the end of June). (Minn. Stat. § 504B.135)

Question 9

Can a landlord enter without notice in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Entry only for a reasonable business purpose, after a good-faith effort to give at least 24 hours' advance notice with a specific time or window. Entry is allowed only between 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. unless the landlord and tenant agree otherwise. No notice is needed if the landlord reasonably suspects that immediate entry is needed to prevent injury to people or property, to check on the tenant's safety, or to comply with local ordinances on unlawful activity. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.211)

Question 10

Is there a limit on late fees in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Allowed only if the landlord and tenant agreed in writing. The agreement must say when the fee will be charged. The fee may not exceed 8% of the overdue rent payment. There is no statutory grace period. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.177)

Question 11

Can a tenant repair and deduct from rent in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

No general statutory right for a tenant to make repairs and deduct the cost from rent on their own. A court can authorize the tenant to make repairs and deduct the cost from rent in a rent escrow or tenant remedies action. (Minn. Stat. §§ 504B.385, 504B.425(c))

Question 12

Can a tenant withhold rent for repairs in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Rent escrow: after written notice of the violation, if the landlord has not fixed it within 14 days (or the time set in an inspector's order has run out), the tenant may deposit the full rent with the court administrator. A hearing is held 10–14 days later. The court can order repairs, abate rent, release escrowed funds to pay for repairs, and fine the landlord. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.385)

Question 13

Can a landlord retaliate against a tenant for complaining in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

It is a defense to eviction if the landlord's notice or action is, in whole or part, a penalty for the tenant's good-faith attempt to enforce lease or legal rights or a good-faith report of code violations to a government authority. Rent increases or service cuts as penalties are also barred. If the notice to quit was served within 90 days after the protected act, the landlord must prove it was not retaliatory. After 90 days, the burden is on the tenant. (Minn. Stat. §§ 504B.285, subds. 2-3; 504B.441)

Question 14

Is there rent control or a limit on rent increases in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

No statewide rent cap. State law preempts local rent control unless the measure is approved by voters in a general election. Saint Paul has a rent stabilization ordinance (originally adopted 'Ord of 11-2-2021', the 2021 general election date, per the ordinance's history notes): a 3% cap on increases within any 12-month period, with exceptions. (Minn. Stat. § 471.9996; Saint Paul Legislative Code ch. 193A)

Question 15

Can a landlord change the locks or shut off utilities in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Self-help eviction is illegal. A landlord who unlawfully and in bad faith locks out or excludes a residential tenant is liable for triple damages or $500, whichever is greater, plus reasonable attorney fees. A landlord may not interrupt electricity, heat, gas, or water. Penalty: triple damages or $500, whichever is greater, plus reasonable attorney fees. (Minn. Stat. §§ 504B.231, 504B.221, 504B.225, 504B.375)

Question 16

What is the small claims court limit in Minnesota for a deposit dispute?

Accepted Answer

$20,000 (conciliation court); $4,000 for claims involving a consumer credit transaction. (Minn. Stat. § 491A.01, subd. 3a)

Question 17

How do you remove a squatter in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

No special squatter or affidavit statute. The owner files an eviction action. A person may be evicted if they 'unlawfully or forcibly occupied or taken possession of real property or unlawfully detains or retains possession' of it. Removal happens only after a court judgment and a writ of recovery of premises and order to vacate (§ 504B.345). (Minn. Stat. §§ 504B.301, 504B.345)

Question 18

What can a landlord do with a tenant's abandoned property in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

If a tenant abandons the unit, the landlord may take the remaining property and must store and care for it. The landlord has a claim for reasonable removal and storage costs. The landlord may sell or dispose of it 28 days after receiving actual notice of the abandonment, or 28 days after it reasonably appears the tenant abandoned the unit, whichever is later. At least 14 days before a sale, the landlord must make reasonable efforts to notify the tenant: personal service in writing, or first-class and certified mail to the last known address, and in either case posting the notice of sale conspicuously on the premises at least two weeks ahead. Sale proceeds may cover costs and deposit-type claims; any surplus goes to the tenant on written demand. A landlord who does not return property within 24 hours of written demand (48 hours, excluding weekends and holidays, in some cases) faces punitive damages. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.271)

Question 19

Is there a limit on rental application fees in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

No dollar cap. A landlord may not charge a screening fee when no unit is or will soon be available. The landlord must give a receipt on request, and may not cash the fee until all earlier applicants have been screened. Before accepting the fee, the landlord must disclose in writing the screening service used (name, address, phone) and the rental criteria. The landlord must notify a rejected applicant within 14 days, naming the criteria not met. The fee must be refunded if the applicant is rejected for a reason not disclosed, or if an earlier applicant takes the unit, and any unused part must be refunded. Applications may not be denied because of a pending eviction, an expunged or nonpublic file, or an eviction that did not end in a writ. Penalty: the fee plus up to $100, costs and attorney fees. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.173)

Question 20

What rental fees are banned or limited in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

All non-optional fees must be disclosed in the lease. Rent plus all non-optional fees must be shown as the 'Total Monthly Payment' on the first page of the lease. Advertisements must include non-optional fees in the advertised total and say whether utilities are included. Penalty: treble damages plus attorney fees. Starting Aug. 1, 2026: a landlord that uses a digital payment platform must offer a free alternative when the platform is down, may not take adverse action such as eviction or late fees when both methods fail, and a violation is an affirmative defense to a nonpayment eviction. Final submetered or apportioned utility bills may not include extra fees beyond the authorized administrative and late charges. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.120; § 504B.118 (as amended by 2026 Minn. Laws c. 81, § 2); § 504B.216, subd. 7a and § 216B.023, subd. 3a (2026 c. 81))

Question 21

Can a domestic violence survivor break a lease in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

A tenant may end the lease without penalty if the tenant or an authorized occupant fears imminent violence after domestic abuse, criminal sexual conduct, sexual extortion or harassment. The tenant must give signed, dated advance written notice by mail, in person, or by the usual written method of communication with the landlord. The notice must state the fear of imminent violence, the need to terminate, the termination date, and instructions for disposing of any personal property. A qualifying document must be attached: an order for protection, a no-contact order, a court official's writing, or a qualified third party's statement. A sole tenant owes rent for the full month in which the tenancy ends, gives up the security deposit, and owes no further rent. With multiple tenants, the whole lease ends at the later of month-end or the end of the rent interval. The landlord must keep the information confidential ($2,000 statutory damages) and cannot require the perpetrator's name. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.206)

Question 22

When can a tenant break a lease without penalty in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Tenant death: after the death of the tenant (or of all tenants), the landlord or the personal representative may end the lease with at least two months' written notice. The notice must take effect on the last day of a calendar month and be hand-delivered or sent by first-class mail. The estate still owes rent through the notice period and damage repair. Infirmity: a tenant or authorized representative may end the lease with at least two months' written notice, effective at month-end, hand-delivered or sent first-class. This applies when a medical professional (physician, APRN or mental health professional) finds the tenant must move into a medical care facility and the tenant meets the statute's need criteria. The notice must include the medical documentation and proof of acceptance at, or a pending application to, the facility. It does not apply if the landlord can offer an accessible unit in the same complex within two months. Neither right can be waived. (Minn. Stat. §§ 504B.265, 504B.266)

Question 23

Can an eviction record be sealed or removed in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Yes (expungement). The court must expunge an eviction case without a motion if: the tenant won; the case was dismissed for any reason; the parties agreed; three years have passed since the eviction was ordered; or it is a qualifying foreclosure or contract-for-deed case. On the tenant's motion, the court must expunge if the case settled and the tenant met the settlement terms, or if the case was filed in violation of § 504B.285, subd. 1(b). The court may also expunge in its discretion when that is clearly in the interests of justice. A nonpayment complaint filed without the 14-day notice is dismissed and expunged. (Minn. Stat. §§ 484.014, 504B.345, subd. 1(c), 504B.321, subd. 1(d))

Question 24

Can a landlord refuse Section 8 vouchers in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Yes. It is an unfair discriminatory practice to refuse to rent to, or discriminate in terms against, a person because of 'status with regard to public assistance.' That status includes being a tenant receiving federal, state or local subsidies, including rental assistance or rent supplements, such as Housing Choice vouchers. (Minn. Stat. §§ 363A.09, subd. 1; 363A.03, subd. 47)

Question 25

Do tenants have a right to a free lawyer in eviction cases in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Limited. Only tenants in HUD Section 9 public housing who face an eviction for breach of lease and cannot afford a lawyer have a right to court-appointed counsel. The first page of the complaint must include, in bold 12-point type: 'If financially unable to obtain counsel, the defendant has the right to a court-appointed attorney.' The court must offer appointed counsel at the first hearing. There is no general statewide right to counsel in nonpayment or other evictions. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.268 (2023 c. 52, art. 19, § 89))

Question 26

What does a Minnesota notice to pay rent or quit have to include?

Accepted Answer

Before filing for nonpayment, the landlord must give written notice containing: (1) the total amount due; (2) an itemized accounting of unpaid rent, late fees and other charges; (3) the name and address of the person authorized to receive payment; and three statutory statements word for word: (4) "You have the right to seek legal help. If you can't afford a lawyer, free legal help may be available. Contact Legal Aid or visit www.LawHelpMN.org to know your rights and find your local Legal Aid office." (5) "To apply for financial help, contact your local county or Tribal social services office, apply online at MNBenefits.mn.gov or call the United Way toll-free information line by dialing 2-1-1 or 800-543-7709." (6) "Your landlord can file an eviction case if you do not pay the total amount due or move out within 14 days from the date of this notice. Some local governments may have an eviction notice period longer than 14 days." Delivery: personally or by first-class mail to the tenant at the rental address. The tenant has 14 days, or longer if local law requires. A copy must be attached to the complaint, or the case is dismissed and expunged. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.321, subds. 1(d), 1a)

Question 27

What does a Minnesota notice to end a month-to-month tenancy have to include?

Accepted Answer

Tenancy at will (month-to-month): written notice from either party. The notice period must be at least as long as the rent interval or three months, whichever is less; for monthly rent, one full rental period. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.135)

Question 28

What must a Minnesota security deposit itemization include?

Accepted Answer

Within three weeks after the tenancy ends, and after receiving the tenant's mailing address or delivery instructions, return the deposit with interest or give a written statement showing the specific reason for withholding any part. The deadline is 5 days if the tenant moved because the building was condemned through no fault of the tenant. Mailing it first-class, postage prepaid, with a proper return address, to the address the tenant provided within the deadline counts as compliance. Withholding is allowed only for unpaid rent or other money due under the lease, and for restoring the unit beyond ordinary wear and tear. The landlord bears the burden of proof. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.178, subd. 3)

Question 29

How long does a landlord have to sue for unpaid rent in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

6 years for actions on a contract or other obligation, express or implied. The same period applies to written and oral leases. (Minn. Stat. § 541.05, subd. 1(1))

Question 30

Can a landlord accept rent during an eviction in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

In a nonpayment eviction, accepting a partial payment of back rent before the court's order of restitution does not waive the eviction only if the parties agree to that IN WRITING (before or after filing). Without a written agreement, accepting partial payment can waive the case. Separately, the tenant can redeem by paying all back rent plus interest, costs and up to a $5 attorney fee any time before possession is delivered (unless the case also alleges a material lease violation). (Minn. Stat. § 504B.291, subd. 1(a), (c))

Question 31

Can you be evicted in the winter in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

No general ban on winter evictions. Cold Weather Rule (statute): from October 1 to April 30, a utility cannot disconnect, and must reconnect, heating service for income-eligible customers who stay current on a payment agreement; notice and appeal rules apply. If a building's utilities are shared-metered, a landlord cannot file (and must stay) an eviction for unpaid gas/electric charges during the cold weather period. A landlord's own utility default triggers posted notice to residents. (Minn. Stat. § 216B.096, subd. 2(b), 4, 5; § 504B.216, subd. 12(d), 13)

Question 32

Can a landlord give notice by text or email in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Before filing a nonpayment eviction, the landlord must give a 14-day written notice with required content, delivered personally or by first-class mail to the rental address. Termination of a tenancy at will must be in writing. If the landlord regularly uses electronic written communication with the tenant, it must make a good-faith attempt to tell the tenant about the eviction hearing at least 7 days before it; this is in addition to court service, not a replacement for it. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.321, subd. 1a(b), subd. 2(b); § 504B.135)

Question 33

How much notice is required for a rent increase in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

No statute sets a fixed rent-increase notice period. If the lease gives the landlord a notice period for a rent increase, it cannot be shorter than the notice the lease requires the tenant to give before moving out, and this cannot be waived. A month-to-month (at-will) tenancy needs written termination notice of at least one rent interval or 3 months, whichever is shorter. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.147, subd. 3-4; § 504B.135)

Question 34

Does a landlord have to give a copy of the lease in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Yes. When there is a written lease, the landlord must give a copy to each tenant who signed it. If not, the tenant has a defense in most lease-enforcement actions (except nonpayment, disturbing the peace, malicious destruction, or illegal activity). Before the tenancy starts, the landlord must also disclose in writing the name and address of the property manager and of the landlord or its agent for service of process and notices, and post that notice. Without this disclosure, the landlord generally cannot sue for rent or possession. Buildings with 12+ units must use written leases. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.115; § 504B.181; § 504B.111)

Question 35

What are tenants' rights in a foreclosure in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

After a foreclosure redemption period ends, the successor must give a tenant at least 90 days' written notice to vacate. A bona fide lease running more than 90 days past redemption must be honored to the end of its term, unless the new owner will live there (then 90 days). Contract-for-deed cancellation requires 2 months' notice. A landlord that has received a foreclosure or contract-for-deed cancellation notice may sign only short leases (no longer than the redemption period) and must tell prospective tenants in writing before taking rent or a deposit ($500 penalty). (Minn. Stat. § 504B.285, subd. 1a, 1b; § 504B.151)

Question 36

Does a landlord have to fix mold in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

No statute — no mold-specific disclosure or remediation law. Mold is covered by the general statutory covenants that the unit and common areas are fit for their intended use, kept in reasonable repair, and kept in compliance with state and local health and safety laws. A condition with a serious negative impact on health or safety can support an emergency tenant remedies action, and tenants can also use rent escrow or a tenant remedies action. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.161, subd. 1(a)(1), (2), (4); § 504B.381, subd. 1)

Question 37

Who pays for pest control and bed bugs in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

The landlord's statutory duty to keep the premises in reasonable repair expressly includes extermination of insects, rodents, vermin or other pests, including bed bugs. The exception is when the problem was caused by the willful, malicious or irresponsible conduct of the tenant or someone under the tenant's control. A serious infestation is an emergency that can support an expedited emergency tenant remedies action. No bed-bug-specific disclosure statute. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.161, subd. 1(a)(2); § 504B.381, subd. 1(2)(i))

Question 38

Does a landlord have to provide heat in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

Yes, statewide. The landlord must provide heat of at least 68°F in all places intended for habitation, including kitchens and bathrooms, from October 1 through April 30. The only exception is when a utility company requires and instructs the heat to be reduced. Loss of heat that the landlord is responsible for is an emergency that can support an emergency tenant remedies action. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.161, subd. 1(a)(5); § 504B.381, subd. 1(2)(iv))

Question 39

Does a landlord have to provide air conditioning in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

No statute requires landlords to provide air conditioning or sets a maximum indoor temperature. But if AC is included in the lease, a nonfunctioning air conditioner is a listed emergency that the tenant can use to seek an emergency tenant remedies order. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.381, subd. 1(2)(viii))

Question 40

What can a landlord deduct from a deposit for cleaning or damage in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

A landlord may withhold from the deposit only amounts reasonably necessary to cover unpaid rent or other money owed under an agreement, or to restore the premises to their condition at the start of the tenancy, 'ordinary wear and tear excepted.' The term is not defined, and the statute doesn't specifically address cleaning, painting or carpet. In a deposit dispute, the landlord has the burden of proving the reason for withholding. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.178, subd. 3(b)-(c))

Question 41

Can a landlord put cameras in or around a rental in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

No landlord-specific statute. It is a gross misdemeanor to enter another's property and secretly install or use a device to observe, photograph or record through the window or other opening of someone's home, with intent to intrude on a household member's privacy. It is also a gross misdemeanor to secretly use such a device in places like hotel sleeping rooms and other places where people reasonably expect privacy while exposed. Recording conversations is legal if the recorder is a party or one party consents (one-party consent). (Minn. Stat. § 609.746, subd. 1; § 626A.02, subd. 2(d))

Question 42

Can a landlord limit guests or roommates in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

No statute on guests versus tenants, occupancy limits or roommate rights — the lease governs. By statute, a landlord generally cannot evict or end a lease because of a tenant's, household member's or guest's conduct OFF the premises and curtilage, unless it is a crime of violence against another tenant, a guest, the landlord or staff, or results in a conviction for such a crime. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.171, subd. 2a; ch. 504B (checked))

Question 43

Can a landlord deny a service or emotional support animal in Minnesota?

Accepted Answer

A landlord may require documentation from a licensed professional (doctor, PA, nurse, psychologist, mental health professional, social worker or counselor, including out-of-state licensees with an existing treatment relationship) confirming the disability and the need for a service or support animal. This is not allowed when the need is obvious or already known. Online certification businesses don't qualify. Landlords can't demand medical records. No extra fee, charge or deposit may be charged for a service or support animal, though the tenant is liable for damage. A landlord with a pet fee policy must disclose this ban in the lease. Tenants may not knowingly misrepresent a disability or provide fraudulent documentation; if they do, the landlord may deny the application or animal request. (Minn. Stat. § 504B.113)

Security deposit limit	No statewide cap on the amount of a security deposit. The Minnesota AG handbook (rev. July 2025) states 'Minnesota law does not set a limit for the amount a landlord may require for a security deposit,' but notes some cities (e.g., Minneapolis, Code of Ord. § 244.2040) limit deposit amounts and allow installment payments. § 504B.178 (https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B.178) regulates deposits but sets no maximum. Per the AG, a landlord may raise the deposit in a periodic tenancy only with proper advance written notice (generally one rental period plus a day). Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.178
Deposit return deadline	Within three weeks after the tenancy ends (and after the landlord receives the tenant's mailing address or delivery instructions), return the deposit with interest or give a written statement of reasons for withholding. Within 5 days if the tenant must leave because the building is legally condemned (unless the tenant's own willful, malicious, or irresponsible conduct caused it). Mailing by first-class mail within the deadline counts as compliance. If the landlord's interest in the property ends (sale/transfer), the landlord must transfer the deposit to the successor or return it within 60 days. The Minnesota Judicial Branch landlord FAQ describes the deadline as 21 days (https://mncourts.gov/help-topics/landlords/faqs). Official history shows subd. 2 amended 2024 c 85 and subd. 4 amended 2023 c 52 art 19; no 2026 amendment listed. Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.178, subd. 3
Itemized deductions	If any amount is withheld, the landlord must give a written statement showing the specific reason for the withholding. Deductions are limited to amounts reasonably necessary to cover rent or other payment defaults by the tenant, or to restore the unit to its move-in condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted. The landlord bears the burden of proving the reason for withholding by a fair preponderance of the evidence. Since 2023, landlords must tell tenants of the right to request a move-in inspection (at the start of the tenancy or within 14 days after move-in) and must offer a move-out inspection, at the tenant's request, no earlier than 5 days before the tenancy ends (§ 504B.182, new in 2023 c 52 art 19; https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B.182). Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.178, subd. 3
Interest on deposits	Yes. 1% per year simple, noncompounded interest, from the first day of the month after full payment of the deposit until the last day of the month the landlord complies with the return/statement requirement. Interest amounts under $1 are excluded. Confirmed by the AG handbook (rev. July 2025). Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.178, subd. 2
Penalty for withholding	If the landlord fails to provide the written statement on time (or fails to do the required inspections when requested), the landlord owes the amount withheld plus interest as a penalty, in addition to returning the wrongfully withheld amount with interest (effectively double). Bad-faith retention adds punitive damages of up to $500 per deposit. Bad faith is presumed if the landlord did not comply with subd. 3 or 5, unless the deposit is returned within two weeks after the tenant starts a court action. A tenant who withholds the last rent payment claiming the deposit covers it can owe a penalty too (subd. 8). Any waiver of § 504B.178 is void. Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.178, subds. 4 and 7

Notice for unpaid rent	Before filing an eviction for nonpayment of rent (residential), the landlord must deliver a written notice giving the tenant 14 days to pay. The notice must state the total due, an itemized accounting (rent, late fees, other charges), who is authorized to receive payment and where, and required statements about legal help and rental assistance. Delivery is personal or by first-class mail to the rental address. Added by 2023 c 52 art 19; the AG handbook says it took effect January 1, 2024. If a local government requires a longer notice period, the longer period controls. Filing without the required notice requires dismissal without prejudice and expungement. The Judicial Branch publishes a 'Written Notice of Possible Future Eviction Action' form (https://mncourts.gov/help-topics/landlords/faqs). Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.321, subd. 1a
Notice for lease violations	No statutory notice or cure period. If the tenant has breached lease terms not involving rent or another financial obligation, the landlord generally does not have to give notice before filing, unless the lease requires notice. § 504B.285, subd. 1(a)(2) allows eviction when a tenant holds over 'contrary to the conditions or covenants of the lease' (https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B.285). Per the AG handbook, a definite-term lease can be ended early for breach only if the breach is significant and the lease allows eviction for breach. Every lease includes a covenant that neither party will allow illegal drug activity, prostitution, unlawful firearms use or possession, or stolen property on the premises; a breach ends the tenant's right to possession, and these cases get priority for the writ (§ 504B.171, https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B.171; § 504B.345, subd. 1(b)). Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.285, subd. 1
Lockouts & utility shutoffs	Self-help eviction is illegal. A landlord who unlawfully and in bad faith locks out or excludes a residential tenant is liable for triple damages or $500, whichever is greater, plus reasonable attorney fees. A landlord may not interrupt electricity, heat, gas, or water. Penalty: triple damages or $500, whichever is greater, plus reasonable attorney fees. The tenant can file a verified petition in district court for an order restoring possession, which the sheriff enforces (§ 504B.375, https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B.375). For utility interruptions (§ 504B.221, https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B.221), only actual damages are recoverable if the tenant did not notify the landlord, or if the landlord restored service within a reasonable time, or if the interruption was for repairs or safety. Intentionally and unlawfully removing or excluding a tenant, or intentionally cutting off electricity, heat, gas or water to force the tenant out, is also a misdemeanor; an intentional utility cutoff is presumed to be meant to force the tenant out (§ 504B.225, https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B.225). Lease waivers of these protections are void. Source: Minn. Stat. §§ 504B.231, 504B.221, 504B.225, 504B.375

Repair and deduct	No general statutory right for a tenant to make repairs and deduct the cost from rent on their own. A court can authorize the tenant to make repairs and deduct the cost from rent in a rent escrow or tenant remedies action. In a tenant remedies action, once the court finds the violations proved it may order the tenant to remedy them and deduct the cost from rent on terms the court finds just (§ 504B.425(c)); no dollar cap is set. Other relief includes ordering the landlord to make repairs, appointing an administrator, rent abatement, and up to $500 in attorney fees for a prevailing tenant (§ 504B.425(b), (d), (e), (g)). Separate utility rule: if a landlord who is responsible for utilities fails to pay and service is shut off or threatened, tenants may pay the utility and deduct the payment from rent after giving notice (48 hours in most cases); this comes from the AG handbook, which cites § 504B.216, subd. 13. Landlord covenants of fitness and reasonable repair (including 68°F minimum heat Oct. 1–Apr. 30) cannot be waived (§ 504B.161, https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B.161). Source: Minn. Stat. §§ 504B.385, 504B.425(c)
Withholding rent	Rent escrow: after written notice of the violation, if the landlord has not fixed it within 14 days (or the time set in an inspector's order has run out), the tenant may deposit the full rent with the court administrator. A hearing is held 10–14 days later. The court can order repairs, abate rent, release escrowed funds to pay for repairs, and fine the landlord. Rent escrow rights cannot be waived. A tenant may also bring a district court 'tenant remedies action' (§ 504B.395, https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B.395: the landlord must get written notice of the violation at least 14 days before filing; if an inspection order is pending, the inspector's repair period generally must run first) or raise the landlord's breach of the habitability covenants as a defense in a nonpayment eviction. Straight self-help withholding is recognized in case law (Fritz v. Warthen, 1973), but the AG warns it is risky compared with escrow (AG handbook, https://www.ag.state.mn.us/brochures/publandlordtenants.pdf). § 504B.385 was amended 2024 c 118 (subd. 2) and 2025 c 32 (subd. 1). Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.385
Retaliation protection	It is a defense to eviction if the landlord's notice or action is, in whole or part, a penalty for the tenant's good-faith attempt to enforce lease or legal rights or a good-faith report of code violations to a government authority. Rent increases or service cuts as penalties are also barred. If the notice to quit was served within 90 days after the protected act, the landlord must prove it was not retaliatory. After 90 days, the burden is on the tenant. § 504B.441 (https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B.441) adds the same 90-day burden shift for complaints by a tenant or housing-related neighborhood organization. New in 2024, § 504B.212 (2024 c 118, https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B.212) protects tenant organizing and tenant associations. It also bars retaliation for reporting code violations, seeking help from community groups or media, requesting repairs, joining a tenant association, or testifying. Barred retaliation includes threats to contact law enforcement about immigration status. The 90-day presumption applies, with up to $1,000 per occurrence plus attorney fees for bad-faith violations. Source: Minn. Stat. §§ 504B.285, subds. 2-3; 504B.441

Section 8 / source of income	Yes. It is an unfair discriminatory practice to refuse to rent to, or discriminate in terms against, a person because of 'status with regard to public assistance.' That status includes being a tenant receiving federal, state or local subsidies, including rental assistance or rent supplements, such as Housing Choice vouchers. Voucher coverage follows from the statutory definition. Coverage of lawful income outside public assistance was not reviewed. Exemptions in § 363A.21 were not reviewed. Source: Minn. Stat. §§ 363A.09, subd. 1; 363A.03, subd. 47
Eviction record sealing	Yes (expungement). The court must expunge an eviction case without a motion if: the tenant won; the case was dismissed for any reason; the parties agreed; three years have passed since the eviction was ordered; or it is a qualifying foreclosure or contract-for-deed case. On the tenant's motion, the court must expunge if the case settled and the tenant met the settlement terms, or if the case was filed in violation of § 504B.285, subd. 1(b). The court may also expunge in its discretion when that is clearly in the interests of justice. A nonpayment complaint filed without the 14-day notice is dismissed and expunged. Under § 504B.173, subd. 3a, landlords may not deny applications based on expunged or nonpublic files. Source: Minn. Stat. §§ 484.014, 504B.345, subd. 1(c), 504B.321, subd. 1(d)
Right to a lawyer in eviction	Limited. Only tenants in HUD Section 9 public housing who face an eviction for breach of lease and cannot afford a lawyer have a right to court-appointed counsel. The first page of the complaint must include, in bold 12-point type: 'If financially unable to obtain counsel, the defendant has the right to a court-appointed attorney.' The court must offer appointed counsel at the first hearing. There is no general statewide right to counsel in nonpayment or other evictions. Some cities (such as Minneapolis) have local right-to-counsel programs, which were not reviewed here. Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.268 (2023 c. 52, art. 19, § 89)

Mold	No statute — no mold-specific disclosure or remediation law. Mold is covered by the general statutory covenants that the unit and common areas are fit for their intended use, kept in reasonable repair, and kept in compliance with state and local health and safety laws. A condition with a serious negative impact on health or safety can support an emergency tenant remedies action, and tenants can also use rent escrow or a tenant remedies action. Text read from the official full-chapter page (https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B/full). The landlord's covenants cannot be waived (subd. 1(b)). Local rental-licensing codes may address mold specifically. Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.161, subd. 1(a)(1), (2), (4); § 504B.381, subd. 1
Pests & bed bugs	The landlord's statutory duty to keep the premises in reasonable repair expressly includes extermination of insects, rodents, vermin or other pests, including bed bugs. The exception is when the problem was caused by the willful, malicious or irresponsible conduct of the tenant or someone under the tenant's control. A serious infestation is an emergency that can support an expedited emergency tenant remedies action. No bed-bug-specific disclosure statute. The covenants can't be waived; tenant-maintenance agreements can't shift these duties (§ 504B.161, subds. 1(b), 2). § 504B.161 was amended in 2024 (Laws 2024, c. 118). Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.161, subd. 1(a)(2); § 504B.381, subd. 1(2)(i)
Heat	Yes, statewide. The landlord must provide heat of at least 68°F in all places intended for habitation, including kitchens and bathrooms, from October 1 through April 30. The only exception is when a utility company requires and instructs the heat to be reduced. Loss of heat that the landlord is responsible for is an emergency that can support an emergency tenant remedies action. This covenant cannot be waived or modified by the lease. § 504B.161 was amended in 2024 (Laws 2024, c. 118). Tenants leaving a building with freezable pipes between Nov. 15 and Apr. 15 must give 3 days' notice (§ 504B.155). Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.161, subd. 1(a)(5); § 504B.381, subd. 1(2)(iv)
Air conditioning	No statute requires landlords to provide air conditioning or sets a maximum indoor temperature. But if AC is included in the lease, a nonfunctioning air conditioner is a listed emergency that the tenant can use to seek an emergency tenant remedies order. Text read from the official full-chapter page (https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/504B/full). The petitioner must generally try to notify the landlord at least 24 hours before going to court (subd. 4). Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.381, subd. 1(2)(viii)

Minnesota Landlord-Tenant Law

Quick answers for Minnesota

Security Deposits in Minnesota

Eviction in Minnesota

Notice to Vacate in Minnesota

Landlord Entry in Minnesota

Repairs & Habitability in Minnesota

Rent Increases & Late Fees in Minnesota

Breaking a Lease in Minnesota

Squatters & Abandoned Property in Minnesota

Rental Fees in Minnesota

Section 8, Records & Right to Counsel in Minnesota

Mold, Pests, Heat & AC in Minnesota

Privacy, Guests & Animals in Minnesota

How eviction works in Minnesota

What surprises people about Minnesota rental law

Federal law that also applies in Minnesota

City rules in Minnesota

Eviction by county in Minnesota

For landlords

Common Minnesota questions

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How Minnesota compares to neighboring states

Minnesota landlord-tenant FAQ

Official resources for Minnesota

Cameras & privacy	No landlord-specific statute. It is a gross misdemeanor to enter another's property and secretly install or use a device to observe, photograph or record through the window or other opening of someone's home, with intent to intrude on a household member's privacy. It is also a gross misdemeanor to secretly use such a device in places like hotel sleeping rooms and other places where people reasonably expect privacy while exposed. Recording conversations is legal if the recorder is a party or one party consents (one-party consent). § 626A.02: https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/626A.02. Landlord entry requires a reasonable business purpose and good-faith advance notice (§ 504B.211). Source: Minn. Stat. § 609.746, subd. 1; § 626A.02, subd. 2(d)
Guests & occupants	No statute on guests versus tenants, occupancy limits or roommate rights — the lease governs. By statute, a landlord generally cannot evict or end a lease because of a tenant's, household member's or guest's conduct OFF the premises and curtilage, unless it is a crime of violence against another tenant, a guest, the landlord or staff, or results in a conviction for such a crime. Text read from the official full-chapter page. Occupancy limits come from local housing and rental-licensing codes. Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.171, subd. 2a; ch. 504B (checked)
Service & support animals (state law)	A landlord may require documentation from a licensed professional (doctor, PA, nurse, psychologist, mental health professional, social worker or counselor, including out-of-state licensees with an existing treatment relationship) confirming the disability and the need for a service or support animal. This is not allowed when the need is obvious or already known. Online certification businesses don't qualify. Landlords can't demand medical records. No extra fee, charge or deposit may be charged for a service or support animal, though the tenant is liable for damage. A landlord with a pet fee policy must disclose this ban in the lease. Tenants may not knowingly misrepresent a disability or provide fraudulent documentation; if they do, the landlord may deny the application or animal request. Text read from the official full-chapter page. Enacted 2021 and amended in 2024 (Laws 2024, c. 118). Tenants can recover pet fees if the landlord failed to include the disclosure and the tenant would likely have received an accommodation (subd. 3(c)). Source: Minn. Stat. § 504B.113

State	Security deposit limit	Deposit return deadline	Notice for unpaid rent
Minnesota	No statewide cap on the amount of a security deposit. Minn. Stat. § 504B.178	Within three weeks after the tenancy ends (and after the landlord receives the tenant's mailing address or delivery instructions), return the deposit with interest or give a written statement of reasons for withholding. Within 5 days if the tenant must leave because the building is legally condemned (unless the tenant's own willful, malicious, or irresponsible conduct caused it). Minn. Stat. § 504B.178, subd. 3	Before filing an eviction for nonpayment of rent (residential), the landlord must deliver a written notice giving the tenant 14 days to pay. The notice must state the total due, an itemized accounting (rent, late fees, other charges), who is authorized to receive payment and where, and required statements about legal help and rental assistance. Delivery is personal or by first-class mail to the rental address. Minn. Stat. § 504B.321, subd. 1a
Iowa	Two months' rent. Iowa Code § 562A.12(1)	Within 30 days after termination of the tenancy and receipt of the tenant's mailing address or delivery instructions, return the deposit or give a written statement of the specific reasons for withholding. If no address is provided within one year, the deposit reverts to the landlord. Iowa Code § 562A.12(3)-(4)	3 days' written notice of nonpayment and of the landlord's intent to terminate if rent is not paid within that period. After that notice, no separate 3-day notice to quit is required before filing. Iowa Code § 562A.27(2); § 648.3(1)
North Dakota	One month's rent. Up to two months' rent allowed from a tenant with a felony conviction (as an incentive to rent) or with a prior judgment for violating a rental agreement. A separate pet deposit (not for service/assistance animals) may not exceed the greater of $2,500 or two months' rent. N.D.C.C. § 47-16-07.1(1)-(2)	Within 30 days after the lease ends and the tenant delivers possession N.D.C.C. § 47-16-07.1(3)	Rent must be more than 3 days past due; then the landlord must serve a 3-day written notice of intention to evict before filing. N.D.C.C. §§ 47-32-01(4), 47-32-02
South Dakota	One month's rent, unless landlord and tenant agree to a larger deposit where special conditions pose a danger to maintenance of the premises. SDCL 43-32-6.1	21 days after the tenancy ends and the landlord receives the tenant's mailing address or delivery instructions: return the deposit or give a written statement of the specific reasons for withholding. SDCL 43-32-24	No statutory notice to quit. The landlord may file a forcible entry and detainer (eviction) action once rent has been unpaid for three days after it is due. The first legal step is filing and serving a verified complaint and summons. SDCL 21-16-1(4); SDCL 21-16-6; SDCL 21-16-2 (repealed)
Wisconsin	No statutory cap on the amount of a security deposit. Wis. Admin. Code ATCP 134.06; Wis. Stat. § 704.28	21 days. If the tenant leaves on the termination date, the clock starts on that date. If the tenant leaves or is evicted early, it starts on the termination date, or when a new tenancy begins if the landlord re-rents first. If the tenant leaves after the termination date, it starts when the landlord learns the tenant has left or been removed. Wis. Stat. § 704.28(4); Wis. Admin. Code ATCP 134.06(2)	Month-to-month/week-to-week: 5-day pay-or-vacate notice, or (month-to-month only) a 14-day notice to vacate with no right to cure. Lease of 1 year or less: 5-day pay-or-vacate; if the tenant was late within the past year, a 14-day notice to vacate. Lease over 1 year: 30-day notice to pay. Wis. Stat. § 704.17(1p)(a), (2)(a), (3)(a)